E: Great Vessel

Question 1

Great vessels are broken down into __ system and __ system

Answer 1

arterial and venous

Question 2

Arterial system develops from __ to __

Answer 2

first month to first breath

Question 3

___ marks the beginning of the arterial system development

Answer 3

formation of the heart crescent (first heart beat)

Question 4

Venous system is from __ to __

Answer 4

fetal to neonate period

Question 5

What are all of the names for aortic arch arteries?

Answer 5

heart vessels
pharyngeal vessels
pharyngeal arch vessels
branchial gill vessels

Question 6

Arterial system develops at the same time as ____

Answer 6

expanding the rest of the body vessels (this is how we get vessels out to the limbs)

Question 7

Aortic arch arteries arise from __ and terminate in ___

Answer 7

arise from aortic sac

terminate in right and left dorsal aortae

Question 8

Do dorsal aortae remain bilateral in the entire body?

Answer 8

no

fuse at midline in thoracic cavity

Question 9

What is the aortic sac?

Answer 9

swelling right above truncus arteriosus

Question 10

Do aortic arch arteries appear simultaneously?

Answer 10

no

they appear in cranial -> caudal sequence

Question 11

1st-3rd arch arteries are ___

while 4th and 6th arch arteries are __

Answer 11

1-3 = bilateral

4, 6 = unilateral

Question 12

1st arch artery becomes ___

Answer 12

maxillary artery

Question 13

2nd arch artery becomes __

Answer 13

stapedial artery

hyoid artery

Question 14

3rd arch artery becomes ___

Answer 14

right/left common carotid artery
right/left internal carotid artery
right/left external carotid artery

Question 15

LEFT 4th arch artery becomes ___

RIGHT 4th arch artery becomes ___

Answer 15

LEFT 4th arch : part of aortic arch

RIGHT 4th arch : part of r. subclavian

Question 16

LEFT 6th arch artery becomes ___

RIGHT 6th arch artery becomes ____

Answer 16

LEFT 6th arch : left pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus

RIGHT 6th arch : right pulmonary artery

Question 17

LEFT dorsal aorta becomes ____

RIGHT dorsal aorta becomes ___

Answer 17

LEFT dorsal aorta : descending thoracic aorta

RIGHT dorsal aorta : regress part of r. subclavian artery

Question 18

LEFT aortic sac becomes ___

RIGHT aortic sac becomes ___

Answer 18

LEFT aortic sac : part of aortic arch

RIGHT aortic sac : brachiocephalic trunk

Question 19

1st arch artery forms in the most __ aspect

Answer 19

cranial

Question 20

As soon as the 1st arch artery forms it begins to regress and remodel. What’s left is in the ___

This becomes a portion of ___

Answer 20

infratemporal fossa

portion of maxillary artery

Question 21

1st arch artery forms portion of maxillary artery.

Everything that comes off of that is formed from __

Answer 21

angiogenesis

Question 22

2nd arch artery starts forming as soon as ____

Answer 22

1st arch artery regresses away

Question 23

Where does 2nd arch artery become to form?

Answer 23

at area where developing ear is forming

Question 24

2nd arch artery begins to regress away, what is left is the ___

Answer 24

stapedial artery

Question 25

3rd arch artery starts forming as soon as __

Answer 25

2nd arch artery regresses away

Question 26

What is special about how 3rd arch artery forms>

Answer 26

grows EXTREMELY CRANIAL

Question 27

What happens to the 5th arch artery?

Answer 27

disappears

Question 28

6th arch artery is also known as ___

Answer 28

pulmonary arch arteries

Question 29

If 7th intersegmental artery is not an arch artery, why is it grouped with them?

Answer 29

it also drains into the dorsal aorta

Question 30

Where is the 7th intersegmental artery located

Answer 30

lower -- closer to where the dorsal aorta come together in the thoracic cavity

Question 31

Which side of the dorsal aorta is mostly maintained?

Answer 31

left side is maintained - runs entire length of embryo (think: left side dorsal aorta becomes descending thoracic aorta.... right side becomes PART of right subclavian artery, so mostly goes away)

Question 32

The path for R/L recurrent laryngeal nerve is different because of asymetrical development of what?

Answer 32

6th arch arteries and the recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 33

Originally, the laryngeal nerve arises below the ___ what is it's relationship to this?

Answer 33

6th aortic arch crosses under this to innervate the intrinsict mm of larynx

Question 34

During development, the larynx is translocated in which direction relative to what?

Answer 34

caudal relative to arch arteries

Question 35

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve is caught under ____ which remains looped under the future ___

Answer 35

caught under 6th arch remains looped under the future LIGAMENTAL ARTERIOSUM

Question 36

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve is caught under ___ Why?

Answer 36

under 4th arch artery = right subclavian artery because distal part of 6th arch artery disappears

Question 37

Vitteline arteries fuse to form arteries in the ____

Answer 37

dorsal emsentery of the gut

Question 38

Vitteline arteries will develop into ___

Answer 38

celiac artery | superior mesenteric artery

Question 39

Umbilical artery is initially a paired branch off of dorsal aorta on the ___ side

Answer 39

ventral

Question 40

The original connection bw umbilical artery and dorsal aorta develops into ___

Answer 40

inferior mesenteric artery

Question 41

During week __ a secondary connection bw umbilical artery and dorsal aorta is formed

Answer 41

4

Question 42

The secondary connection (week 4) between umbilical artery and dorsal aorta becomes ____

Answer 42

common iliac artery

Question 43

After birth, does the umbilical artery persist?

Answer 43

yes inferior mesenteric artery, common iliac artery & proximal portion = internai iliac and superior vesical artery distal portion = medial umbilical ligaments

Question 44

Intersegmental arteries become ___

Answer 44

intercostal artery | lumbar artery

Question 45

Coronary arteries are derived from ___

Answer 45

epicardium

Question 46

The connection between coronary arteries and the aorta is formed by an ingrowth of ___

Answer 46

arterial endothelial cells

Question 47

The venous system is developed from __ to __

Answer 47

fetal period to neonate period

Question 48

Embryonic venous system is 3 paired veins. What are they?

Answer 48

viteline veins umbilical veins cardinal veins

Question 49

oxygenated or deoxygenated: vitelline veins __ umbilical veins __ cardinal veins __

Answer 49

``` vitelline = deoxygenated umbilical = oxygenated cardinal = deoxygenated ```

Question 50

Vitelline veins drain ____

Answer 50

gi tract and gut derivatives

Question 51

Vitelline veins drain into the __

Answer 51

sinus venosus

Question 52

Umbilical veins carry blood from ___ to the ___

Answer 52

placenta to the embryo to the sinus venosus

Question 53

Is the umbilical vein functional in adults?

Answer 53

no

Question 54

Are vitelline veins functional in adults?

Answer 54

yes drain gi tract and gut derivatives

Question 55

Cardinal veins drain blood from ___

Answer 55

all of head, neck, body wall

Question 56

What combines to create the common cardinal vein?

Answer 56

anterior cardinal vein + posterior cardinal vein

Question 57

There are __ primary lymph sacs

Answer 57

6

Question 58

What are the 6 primary lymphatic sacs?

Answer 58

2 jugular sacs 2 iliac sacs 1 retroperitoneal sacs 1 cisterna chyli

Question 59

Where are the 2 bilateral jugular lymph sacs located?

Answer 59

at the junction of the subclavian vein and the anterior cardinal vein (will become internal jugular vein) this is near the venous angle

Question 60

Where are the 2 bilateral iliac sacs located?

Answer 60

at the junction of the iliac veins and posterior cardinal veins at the most caudal end of the embryo

Question 61

Where is the 1 retroperitoneal sac found?

Answer 61

in front of the inferior vena cava in the root of the mesentery on the posterior abdominal wall

Question 62

Where is the 1 cisterna chyli lymph sac found?

Answer 62

dorsal to the retroperitoneal lymph sac

Question 63

Initially, are all of the primary lymphatic sacs connected?

Answer 63

no | they are all initially separated

Question 64

The right and left THORACIC DUCTS initially connect the ___ with the ___

Answer 64

jugular sacs (2) with the (1) citerna chyli

Question 65

____ ultimately connect all of the primary lymphatic sacs

Answer 65

lymphatic vessels

Question 66

lymphatic vessels ultimately connect all of the primary lymph vessels to the ____

Answer 66

venous angles (on either side)

Question 67

The aortic arch is formed from which pharyngeal arches?

Answer 67

LEFT pharyngeal arch 4 | and LEFT aortic sac

Question 68

The LEFT subclavian artery is formed from which pharyngeal arch arteries?

Answer 68

LEFT 7th intersegmental artery

Question 69

The RIGHT subclavian artery is formed from which pharyngeal arch arteries?

Answer 69

RIGHT 4th arch RIGHT 7th arch RIGHT dorsal aorta