N: Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia

Question 1

The cerebellum regulates ___

Answer 1

equilibrium via vestibular system

Question 2

Cerebellum controls ____

Answer 2

muscle tone and postue

Question 3

Ceremebllum provides ___

Answer 3

motor coordination for voluntary movement

*in near future & *during execution

Question 4

Describe how cerebellum plans motor coordination 1) in the near future and 2) during execution

Answer 4

in near future - plans actions in space/time

during execution - monitors ongoing activity and adjusts output of motor cortex and several motor nuclei

Question 5

Cerebellum primary function

Answer 5

motor adaptation

Question 6

Basal ganglia parts __

Answer 6

caudate
putamen
globus pallidus

Question 7

The cerebellum has ___ lobes

Answer 7

anterior and posterior

Question 8

“cerebellum is fractionated somatotopy” refers to what

Answer 8

fractured nature of body part representation in cortex

AXIAL MUSCLES - midline
DISTAL LIMB MUSCLES - laterally

Question 9

Cerebellar gyri are called ___

Cerebellar f sulci are called ___

Answer 9

folia = gyri

fissures = sulci

Question 10

In the midline is the ___

Answer 10

vermis of cerebellum (worm)

Question 11

the vermis of cerebellum is associated with _____ system

Answer 11

vestibulocerebellar system

Question 12

The vermis is associated with the vestibulocerebellum via ____

Answer 12

flocculonodular lobe

Question 13

Lateral to the vermis is the ___

Answer 13

paravermal area

medial hemisphere

Question 14

paravermal area (medial hemisphere) is associated with ____ tracts

Answer 14

spinocerebellum

Question 15

Lateral to the paravermal area is the ___

Answer 15

lateral hemisphere

Question 16

Lateral hemisphere is associated with ___

Answer 16

pontocerebellum

Question 17

Primary fissure divides ___

Answer 17

body of cerebellum into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR lobe

Question 18

Posteriolateral fissure divides ___

Answer 18

flocculonodolar lobe from body of cerebellum

Question 19

The largest cerebellar peduncle is ___

Answer 19

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 20

Anterior lobe gets info from ____

Posterior lobe gets info from ___

Answer 20

anterior spinal cord

posterior pons

Question 21

What are the cerebellar deep nuclei?

Answer 21

dentate nucleus

interposed nucleus

fastigial nucleus

Question 22

Cerebellum has more/less neurons than cerebral cortex

Answer 22

more

but most don’t leave the cortex, they travel within cerebral cortex

Question 23

Going from lateral to medial, name the deep cerebellar nuclei

Answer 23

dentate nuclei -> interposed nuclei -> fastigial nuclei

Question 24

Dendate nuclei contributes most fibers to the ___

Answer 24

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 25

Interposed nuclei is made up of __ + ___

Answer 25

emboliform + globose

Question 26

Interposed nuclei is associated with ___

Answer 26

spinocerebellum

Question 27

Fastigial nuclei is associated with ___

Answer 27

vestibulocerebellum via flocculonodular lobe

Question 28

The 3 cerebellar peduncles interconnect __ and __

Answer 28

cerebellum and brainstem

Question 29

The inferior cerebellar peduncle is made up of _____ and ___

Answer 29

retiform body and juxta-restiform body

Question 30

The restiform body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle_ receives ____ It monitors ____

Answer 30

inputs from spinal cord and brainstem monitors muscle and limb movement

Question 31

The Juxtarestirorm body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle) interconnects ___ and ___

Answer 31

vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

Question 32

What is the brachium pontis

Answer 32

middle cerebellar peduncle

Question 33

What is the largest cerebellar peduncle and where is it located

Answer 33

middle cerebellar peduncle, lateral to pons

Question 34

Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) receive ____ relays ___ type of information

Answer 34

afferents from contralateral basis pontis relays motor signals from cerebral cortex

Question 35

What is the brachium conjunctivum

Answer 35

superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 36

Superior cerebellar peduncle sends ___

Answer 36

efferent fibers to red nculeus and VL fo thalamus

Question 37

Mossy fibers carry information from ____

Answer 37

spinal cord and brainstem

Question 38

Mossy fibers enter the cerebellum via ___ peduncle

Answer 38

inferior and middle cerebellar

Question 39

Mossy fibers first synapse in ____

Answer 39

granule layer on a granule cell

Question 40

After mossy fibers synapse in the granule layer, what do they do? where is there second synapse?

Answer 40

they synapse in the molecular layer (either on stellar cell, basket cell, purkinje cell, golgi cell) stellate/basket --> purkinje cell golgi --> granule cell

Question 41

Mossy fiber projections to basket/stellate/purkinje/golgi/granule cells are all ____

Answer 41

excitatory

Question 42

Climbing fibers carry information from ____

Answer 42

inferior olivary nucleus (olive) in rostral medulla

Question 43

Climbing fibers enter the cerebellum via ___

Answer 43

inferior cerebellar pedunce

Question 44

Climbing fibers' first synapse is in the

Answer 44

Molecular layer on a purkinje cell

Question 45

From the purkinje cell layer, both climbing and mossy fibers project to the ___

Answer 45

deep cerebellar nucleus (inhibitory)

Question 46

The deep cerebellar nuclei project out the superior cerebellar peduncle to the ____ project out the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the ____

Answer 46

superior cerebellar peduncle - red nucleus (midbrain) and thalamus inferior cerebellar peduncle - vestibular nuclei

Question 47

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

Answer 47

molecular layer purkinje cell layer granule layer

Question 48

How is the cerebellar cortex different in different locations

Answer 48

it is not | it is uniform throughout

Question 49

What is the top layer of cerebellar cortex

Answer 49

molecular layer

Question 50

molecular layer contains ____

Answer 50

purkinje cell DENDRITES granule cell AXONS

Question 51

Purkinje cell layer is the only layer which ___

Answer 51

axon's leave the cortex (go to deep nuclei)

Question 52

Granule layer is located ___

Answer 52

deepest in the cerebellar cortex

Question 53

Cortical efferents are ___ | Cortical afferents are ___

Answer 53

afferents = excitatory (glutamate) efferents = inhibitory (gaba)

Question 54

What are parallel fibers?

Answer 54

The granule axon splits into parallel fibers from the mossy fibers. These project excitatory synapses onto stellate, basket, golgi, and purkinje cells

Question 55

Mossy fibers and clijmbing fibers send ___ directly to the deep nuclei before axons enter teh cortex

Answer 55

collaterals for regulation

Question 56

Purkinje cell axons end in the ___

Answer 56

deep nuclei

Question 57

Deep nuclei have 2 neuronal populations. What are they.

Answer 57

mossy fibers - into cerebellar cortex proejction neurons - axons leave cerebellum

Question 58

The projection neurons from the deep nuclei go to 2 locations. Where are they? are they excitatory/inhibitory?

Answer 58

1. brainstem/thalamus EXCITATORY | 2. inferior olivary nucleus iNHIBITORY

Question 59

One cerebral hemisphere controls ____

Answer 59

contralateral muscles | via corticisoinal tract

Question 60

One half of cerebellum influences ___ limbs

Answer 60

ipsilateral limbs | crosses twice

Question 61

One half of cerebellum projects to ___ thalamus

Answer 61

contralateral thalamus