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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > N: Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia > Flashcards

N: Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia Flashcards

1
Q

The cerebellum regulates ___

A

equilibrium via vestibular system

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2
Q

Cerebellum controls ____

A

muscle tone and postue

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3
Q

Ceremebllum provides ___

A

motor coordination for voluntary movement

*in near future & *during execution

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4
Q

Describe how cerebellum plans motor coordination 1) in the near future and 2) during execution

A

in near future - plans actions in space/time

during execution - monitors ongoing activity and adjusts output of motor cortex and several motor nuclei

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5
Q

Cerebellum primary function

A

motor adaptation

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6
Q

Basal ganglia parts __

A

caudate
putamen
globus pallidus

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7
Q

The cerebellum has ___ lobes

A

anterior and posterior

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8
Q

“cerebellum is fractionated somatotopy” refers to what

A

fractured nature of body part representation in cortex

AXIAL MUSCLES - midline
DISTAL LIMB MUSCLES - laterally

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9
Q

Cerebellar gyri are called ___

Cerebellar f sulci are called ___

A

folia = gyri

fissures = sulci

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10
Q

In the midline is the ___

A

vermis of cerebellum (worm)

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11
Q

the vermis of cerebellum is associated with _____ system

A

vestibulocerebellar system

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12
Q

The vermis is associated with the vestibulocerebellum via ____

A

flocculonodular lobe

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13
Q

Lateral to the vermis is the ___

A

paravermal area

medial hemisphere

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14
Q

paravermal area (medial hemisphere) is associated with ____ tracts

A

spinocerebellum

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15
Q

Lateral to the paravermal area is the ___

A

lateral hemisphere

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16
Q

Lateral hemisphere is associated with ___

A

pontocerebellum

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17
Q

Primary fissure divides ___

A

body of cerebellum into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR lobe

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18
Q

Posteriolateral fissure divides ___

A

flocculonodolar lobe from body of cerebellum

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19
Q

The largest cerebellar peduncle is ___

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

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20
Q

Anterior lobe gets info from ____

Posterior lobe gets info from ___

A

anterior spinal cord

posterior pons

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21
Q

What are the cerebellar deep nuclei?

A

dentate nucleus

interposed nucleus

fastigial nucleus

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22
Q

Cerebellum has more/less neurons than cerebral cortex

A

more

but most don’t leave the cortex, they travel within cerebral cortex

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23
Q

Going from lateral to medial, name the deep cerebellar nuclei

A

dentate nuclei -> interposed nuclei -> fastigial nuclei

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24
Q

Dendate nuclei contributes most fibers to the ___

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

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25
Q

Interposed nuclei is made up of __ + ___

A

emboliform + globose

26
Q

Interposed nuclei is associated with ___

A

spinocerebellum

27
Q

Fastigial nuclei is associated with ___

A

vestibulocerebellum via flocculonodular lobe

28
Q

The 3 cerebellar peduncles interconnect __ and __

A

cerebellum and brainstem

29
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncle is made up of _____ and ___

A

retiform body and juxta-restiform body

30
Q

The restiform body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle_ receives ____

It monitors ____

A

inputs from spinal cord and brainstem

monitors muscle and limb movement

31
Q

The Juxtarestirorm body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle) interconnects ___ and ___

A

vestibular nuclei and cerebellum

32
Q

What is the brachium pontis

A

middle cerebellar peduncle

33
Q

What is the largest cerebellar peduncle and where is it located

A

middle cerebellar peduncle, lateral to pons

34
Q

Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) receive ____

relays ___ type of information

A

afferents from contralateral basis pontis

relays motor signals from cerebral cortex

35
Q

What is the brachium conjunctivum

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

36
Q

Superior cerebellar peduncle sends ___

A

efferent fibers to red nculeus and VL fo thalamus

37
Q

Mossy fibers carry information from ____

A

spinal cord and brainstem

38
Q

Mossy fibers enter the cerebellum via ___ peduncle

A

inferior and middle cerebellar

39
Q

Mossy fibers first synapse in ____

A

granule layer on a granule cell

40
Q

After mossy fibers synapse in the granule layer, what do they do? where is there second synapse?

A

they synapse in the molecular layer (either on stellar cell, basket cell, purkinje cell, golgi cell)

stellate/basket –> purkinje cell

golgi –> granule cell

41
Q

Mossy fiber projections to basket/stellate/purkinje/golgi/granule cells are all ____

A

excitatory

42
Q

Climbing fibers carry information from ____

A

inferior olivary nucleus (olive) in rostral medulla

43
Q

Climbing fibers enter the cerebellum via ___

A

inferior cerebellar pedunce

44
Q

Climbing fibers’ first synapse is in the

A

Molecular layer on a purkinje cell

45
Q

From the purkinje cell layer, both climbing and mossy fibers project to the ___

A

deep cerebellar nucleus (inhibitory)

46
Q

The deep cerebellar nuclei project out the superior cerebellar peduncle to the ____

project out the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the ____

A

superior cerebellar peduncle - red nucleus (midbrain) and thalamus

inferior cerebellar peduncle - vestibular nuclei

47
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex

A

molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granule layer

48
Q

How is the cerebellar cortex different in different locations

A

it is not

it is uniform throughout

49
Q

What is the top layer of cerebellar cortex

A

molecular layer

50
Q

molecular layer contains ____

A

purkinje cell DENDRITES

granule cell AXONS

51
Q

Purkinje cell layer is the only layer which ___

A

axon’s leave the cortex (go to deep nuclei)

52
Q

Granule layer is located ___

A

deepest in the cerebellar cortex

53
Q

Cortical efferents are ___

Cortical afferents are ___

A

afferents = excitatory (glutamate)

efferents = inhibitory (gaba)

54
Q

What are parallel fibers?

A

The granule axon splits into parallel fibers from the mossy fibers.

These project excitatory synapses onto stellate, basket, golgi, and purkinje cells

55
Q

Mossy fibers and clijmbing fibers send ___ directly to the deep nuclei before axons enter teh cortex

A

collaterals for regulation

56
Q

Purkinje cell axons end in the ___

A

deep nuclei

57
Q

Deep nuclei have 2 neuronal populations. What are they.

A

mossy fibers - into cerebellar cortex

proejction neurons - axons leave cerebellum

58
Q

The projection neurons from the deep nuclei go to 2 locations.

Where are they?
are they excitatory/inhibitory?

A
  1. brainstem/thalamus EXCITATORY

2. inferior olivary nucleus iNHIBITORY

59
Q

One cerebral hemisphere controls ____

A

contralateral muscles

via corticisoinal tract

60
Q

One half of cerebellum influences ___ limbs

A

ipsilateral limbs

crosses twice

61
Q

One half of cerebellum projects to ___ thalamus

A

contralateral thalamus

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

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