N: Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia Flashcards
The cerebellum regulates ___
equilibrium via vestibular system
Cerebellum controls ____
muscle tone and postue
Ceremebllum provides ___
motor coordination for voluntary movement
*in near future & *during execution
Describe how cerebellum plans motor coordination 1) in the near future and 2) during execution
in near future - plans actions in space/time
during execution - monitors ongoing activity and adjusts output of motor cortex and several motor nuclei
Cerebellum primary function
motor adaptation
Basal ganglia parts __
caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
The cerebellum has ___ lobes
anterior and posterior
“cerebellum is fractionated somatotopy” refers to what
fractured nature of body part representation in cortex
AXIAL MUSCLES - midline
DISTAL LIMB MUSCLES - laterally
Cerebellar gyri are called ___
Cerebellar f sulci are called ___
folia = gyri
fissures = sulci
In the midline is the ___
vermis of cerebellum (worm)
the vermis of cerebellum is associated with _____ system
vestibulocerebellar system
The vermis is associated with the vestibulocerebellum via ____
flocculonodular lobe
Lateral to the vermis is the ___
paravermal area
medial hemisphere
paravermal area (medial hemisphere) is associated with ____ tracts
spinocerebellum
Lateral to the paravermal area is the ___
lateral hemisphere
Lateral hemisphere is associated with ___
pontocerebellum
Primary fissure divides ___
body of cerebellum into ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR lobe
Posteriolateral fissure divides ___
flocculonodolar lobe from body of cerebellum
The largest cerebellar peduncle is ___
middle cerebellar peduncle
Anterior lobe gets info from ____
Posterior lobe gets info from ___
anterior spinal cord
posterior pons
What are the cerebellar deep nuclei?
dentate nucleus
interposed nucleus
fastigial nucleus
Cerebellum has more/less neurons than cerebral cortex
more
but most don’t leave the cortex, they travel within cerebral cortex
Going from lateral to medial, name the deep cerebellar nuclei
dentate nuclei -> interposed nuclei -> fastigial nuclei
Dendate nuclei contributes most fibers to the ___
superior cerebellar peduncle
Interposed nuclei is made up of __ + ___
emboliform + globose
Interposed nuclei is associated with ___
spinocerebellum
Fastigial nuclei is associated with ___
vestibulocerebellum via flocculonodular lobe
The 3 cerebellar peduncles interconnect __ and __
cerebellum and brainstem
The inferior cerebellar peduncle is made up of _____ and ___
retiform body and juxta-restiform body
The restiform body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle_ receives ____
It monitors ____
inputs from spinal cord and brainstem
monitors muscle and limb movement
The Juxtarestirorm body (of the inferior cerebellar peduncle) interconnects ___ and ___
vestibular nuclei and cerebellum
What is the brachium pontis
middle cerebellar peduncle
What is the largest cerebellar peduncle and where is it located
middle cerebellar peduncle, lateral to pons
Middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) receive ____
relays ___ type of information
afferents from contralateral basis pontis
relays motor signals from cerebral cortex
What is the brachium conjunctivum
superior cerebellar peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle sends ___
efferent fibers to red nculeus and VL fo thalamus
Mossy fibers carry information from ____
spinal cord and brainstem
Mossy fibers enter the cerebellum via ___ peduncle
inferior and middle cerebellar
Mossy fibers first synapse in ____
granule layer on a granule cell
After mossy fibers synapse in the granule layer, what do they do? where is there second synapse?
they synapse in the molecular layer (either on stellar cell, basket cell, purkinje cell, golgi cell)
stellate/basket –> purkinje cell
golgi –> granule cell
Mossy fiber projections to basket/stellate/purkinje/golgi/granule cells are all ____
excitatory
Climbing fibers carry information from ____
inferior olivary nucleus (olive) in rostral medulla
Climbing fibers enter the cerebellum via ___
inferior cerebellar pedunce
Climbing fibers’ first synapse is in the
Molecular layer on a purkinje cell
From the purkinje cell layer, both climbing and mossy fibers project to the ___
deep cerebellar nucleus (inhibitory)
The deep cerebellar nuclei project out the superior cerebellar peduncle to the ____
project out the inferior cerebellar peduncle to the ____
superior cerebellar peduncle - red nucleus (midbrain) and thalamus
inferior cerebellar peduncle - vestibular nuclei
What are the 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex
molecular layer
purkinje cell layer
granule layer
How is the cerebellar cortex different in different locations
it is not
it is uniform throughout
What is the top layer of cerebellar cortex
molecular layer
molecular layer contains ____
purkinje cell DENDRITES
granule cell AXONS
Purkinje cell layer is the only layer which ___
axon’s leave the cortex (go to deep nuclei)
Granule layer is located ___
deepest in the cerebellar cortex
Cortical efferents are ___
Cortical afferents are ___
afferents = excitatory (glutamate)
efferents = inhibitory (gaba)
What are parallel fibers?
The granule axon splits into parallel fibers from the mossy fibers.
These project excitatory synapses onto stellate, basket, golgi, and purkinje cells
Mossy fibers and clijmbing fibers send ___ directly to the deep nuclei before axons enter teh cortex
collaterals for regulation
Purkinje cell axons end in the ___
deep nuclei
Deep nuclei have 2 neuronal populations. What are they.
mossy fibers - into cerebellar cortex
proejction neurons - axons leave cerebellum
The projection neurons from the deep nuclei go to 2 locations.
Where are they?
are they excitatory/inhibitory?
- brainstem/thalamus EXCITATORY
2. inferior olivary nucleus iNHIBITORY
One cerebral hemisphere controls ____
contralateral muscles
via corticisoinal tract
One half of cerebellum influences ___ limbs
ipsilateral limbs
crosses twice
One half of cerebellum projects to ___ thalamus
contralateral thalamus
