Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > G: Superior, Posterior Mediastinum > Flashcards

G: Superior, Posterior Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

The medastinum is subdivided into 4 smaller regions _____

A

superior

inferior (anterior, middle posterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mediastinum extends from the ___ to the ___ (superior to inferior)

and from __ to __ (anterior to posterior)

A

thoracic inlet to diaphragm

sternum to 12th thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The retropharyngeal space is between __ and __

A

between buccopharyngeal fascia and alar fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The retropharyngeal space communicates from the ___ of the skull to the ___ mediastinum

A

base of skull to superior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sternal angle articulates w. rib __

Sternal angle is at what vertebral level

A

2

vertebral level t4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior mediastinum is between __ and ___

Middle mediastinum is between __ and __

Posterior mediastinum is between __ and __

A

anterior - between sternum and pericardium

middle - between pericardium and related structures

posterior - between pericardium and T5-T12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anterior mediastinum is a continuation of the __ fascia

A

pretracheal fascia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
  1. thymus gland
  2. SVC and great vv
  3. arch of aorta and great aa
  4. vagus nn and phrenic nn
  5. trachea and esophagus
  6. thoracic duct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thymus gland lies
posterior to ___
anterior to ___

A

posterior to manubrium

anterior to brachiocephalic vv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thymus gland is prominent and active in ___ prior to ___

It’s function during this period is for ____

A

active in childhood prior to puberty

function - T CELL MATURATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

t cell maturation in childhood prior to puberty occurs in the ___

A

thymus gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The thymus gland in adults is functionally ___

This appears as a ____

A

functionally inactive
this atrophies
appears as fatty mass in older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What veins are found in the superior mediastinum?

A

SVC and great veins

great veins = azygos vein, right brachiocephalic vein, left brachiocephalic vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The LEFT brachiocephalic vein crosses the ___ anteriorly

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The azygos vein empties into the ____

This vein drains the ____

A

empties into superior vena cava

drains superior to the superior right bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The aortic arch begins and ends at the same level: ____

A

sternal angle or T4/5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 3 portions of the aorta

A
  1. ascending aorta coming out of left ventricle
  2. arch of aorta begins/ends in superior mediastinum (t4/5)
  3. descending aorta
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ascending aorta is found in the ___ mediastinum

The descending aorta is found in the ___ mediastinum

A

both in inferior mediastinum

ascending - middle mediastinum

descending - posterior mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Aortic arch arces over ____ and ____

A

left main bronchus and right pulmonary artery

20
Q

The aortic arch gives rise to 3 great arteries before descending.

What are they?

A

brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

21
Q

vagus nerve and phrenic nerves pass through the ____ between a vein and an artery

A

thoracic inlet

22
Q

vagus nerve and phrenic nerve are located in ___ mediastinum

A

superior

23
Q

Aortic arch is found in the ___ mediastinum

A

superior

24
Q

Vagus nerve descends ____ to root of lung

A

posterior

25
Q

Vagus nerve provides ___ innervation to ____

A

parasympathetic innervation to thorax and abdomen

26
Q

What kind of parasympathetic innervation does vagus nerve carry?

A

pre-synaptic parasympathetic

27
Q

Phrenic nerve is what vertebral levels?

Descends ___ to root of lung

A

C3-4-5 keep me breathing and a live

descends anterior to root of lung

28
Q

Phrenic nerve supplies __ innervation to ___

A

somatic innervation to diaphragm

29
Q

The phrenic nerve follows the course on the _____ via ____

A

follows course of pericardial sac

via pericardiacophrenic a/v

30
Q

How do right and left phrenic n get through the diaphragm?

A

right phrenic - pierces through w/ inferior vena cava @ hiatus (T8)

left phrenic - pierces diaphragm alone right under apex of heart

31
Q

The trachea is located in the ___ mediasitnum

A

superior

32
Q

Trachea descends immediately ___ to the esophagus

A

anterior

33
Q

Trachea bifurcates at the inferior limit of the ___

What vertebral level is this?

A

superior mediastinum

T4/5 (corresponds to sternal angle and rib 2 articulation with manubrial @ manubriaosternal joint)

34
Q

What is the carina of the trachea?

A

internal ridge at the bifurcation of the trachea

35
Q

Numerous ___ are found around the carina

A

lymph nodes

36
Q

The carina is usually positioned ___ to median plane

This results in foreign bodies being aspirated into ____

A

carina is positioned Left of median plane

so Right bronchi is more vortically oriented than left, so right bronchus aspirates more foreign bodies usually

Right main bronchus is shorter and wider than left main bronchus as well

37
Q

Esophagus

  • begins in the ___
  • descends immediately ___ to trachea
  • pierces diaphragm at ____
  • empties into the ___
A

begins in neck

descends immediately posterior to trachea

pierces diaphragm @ esopahgeal hiatus (T10)

empties into the stomach

38
Q

Arteries supplying the esophagus arise from ___, ___ and ___

A

branches to esophagus are branches of:

  1. thoracic a
  2. bronchial a
  3. ascending left gastric a
39
Q

Venous drainage of the esophagus via __, ___ and ___

A

azygos vein
hemiazygos vein
left gastric vein

40
Q

Lymphatics draining the esophageal area are ___

A

posterior to mediastinum

41
Q

What is a hiatal hernia?

A

stomach may herniate through esophageal HIATUS

42
Q

What are the 2 types of hiatal hernias?

A
  1. sliding hiatal hernia

2. paraesophageal hernia

43
Q

Describe a sliding hiatal hernia

A

stomach slides freely in the thorax

most common
often asymptomatic

44
Q

Describe a paraesophageal hernia

A

fundus goes through hiatus

often fixed in position = risking gastric blood supply!

45
Q

The danger space is between __ and __

This continues from __ of skull to __ mediastinum

A

between alar layer and prevertebral layer

from base of skull to posterior mediastinum

46
Q

infection from the retropharyngeal space can spread into the ___

A

danger space

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions