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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > E: Heart > Flashcards

E: Heart Flashcards

1
Q

The heart has 2 atria that are ___ chambers

A

receiving

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2
Q

The heart has 2 ventricles that are ___ chambers

A

ejecting

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3
Q

The right side of the heart receives ___ blood –> ___

A

deoxygenated blood

ejects to lungs

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4
Q

The left side of the heart receives ___ blood –> ___

A

oxygenated blood

ejects to body

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5
Q

The cardiovascular system appears mid-week __; becomes function during week __

A

appears midweek 3

functional week 4

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6
Q

What is one of the very first organ systems to develop in embryo?

A

cardiovascular system

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7
Q

What are the 4 main stages of heart shapes during development?

When do they each appear?

A
  1. cardiac crescent - day 15
  2. heart tube - day 21
  3. pre-septated looped heart day 28
  4. four chamebred heart - day 50
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8
Q

Existing blood islands unite and form ____

Other blood islands appear and will form ___

A

existing blood islands uniting – ENDOCARDIAL TUBES (2) on either side

new blood islands – DORSAL AORTAE (2) on either side

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9
Q

Lateral body folding causes what change in endothelial tube?

A

lateral sides of endothelial tube fold in ventrally and medially

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10
Q

When lateral sides of the endothelial tube fuse in the midline, this forms the _____

(lateral sides fold inward during lateral body folding)

A

primordial heart tube

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11
Q

Initially, the heart tube is attached to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity via ____

A

dorsal mesocardium

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12
Q

What is the dorsal mesocardium?

What happens to it?

A

initially holds the heart tube to the dorsal side of the pericardial cavity

The middle of it disappears and creates the transverse pericardial sinus

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13
Q

How is the transverse pericardial sinus created?

A

the middle part of the dorsal mesocardium disappears

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14
Q

The primordial heart tube just after lateral folding is __ layers.

Name them

A

3 layers
endocardium
myocardium
epicardium (visceral pericardium)

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15
Q

___ folding is responsible for reposition the heart tube

A

sagittal (cranial-caudal)

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16
Q

Pre-sagital folding, the heart tube is

__ to oropharyngeal membrane
__ to pericardial cavity

A

cranial to oropharyngeal membrane

ventral to pericardial cavity

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17
Q

Post-sagittal folding, the heart tube is

__ to oropharyngeal membrane
__ to pericardial cavity
__ to foregut
__ to septum transversum

A

caudal to oropharynegal membrane

dorsal to pericardial cavity

ventral to foregut

rostral to septum transversum

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18
Q

The heart tube forms 5 initial dilations. What are they?

A
  1. truncus arteriosus
  2. bulbus cordis
  3. primitive ventricle
  4. primitive atrium
  5. sinus venosus
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19
Q

Truncus arteriosus becomes ____

A

aorta and pulmonary arteries

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20
Q

Bulbus cordis becomes ___

A

outlet of the ventricles

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21
Q

Primitive ventricle becomes ___

A

inlet of the ventricles

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22
Q

Primitive atrium becomes ___

A

right and left atrium

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23
Q

Sinus venosus becomes ___

A

part of the right atrium (where we receive blood)

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24
Q

Describe blood flow in the primitive heart tube

A

caudal to cranial

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25
Q

Tubular heart undergoes ___ handed looping

A

right

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26
Q

After tubular heart undergoes RIGHT handed looping, this results in a __ shaped heart

With an apex pointing ___

A

U

apex pointing left inferior

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27
Q

During right handed looping…

primitive ventricles move ____

primitive atria move ___

A

ventricles move VENTRAL and RIGHT

atria move DORSAL and LEFT

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28
Q

Sinus venosus receives ___ bloood

A

venous

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29
Q

Sinus venosus receives venous blood from ____

A

right and left sinus horns

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30
Q

Each sinus horn receives venous blood from what 3 structures

A

vitteline veins
umbilical veins
common cardinal veins

31
Q

Vitteline veins contain ___

A

deoxygenated blood from body

32
Q

Umbilical veins contain ___

A

oxygenated blood from mother

33
Q

Common cardinal veins contain ___

A

deoxygenated blood from body wall, head, neck

34
Q

Blood flow to the heart (through sinus venosus) gradually shifts to _____ side

A

right side

35
Q

Because of gradual shift in sinus venosus, which side is larger than the other?

A

right sinus venosus is larger than left

36
Q

What is the remnant of the left side of sinus venosus after remodeling?

A

coronary sinus is the remnant

also = oblique veins of left atrium

37
Q

What is the coronary sinus

A

the remnant of the left side of sinus venosus

38
Q

Wha tis the oblique vein of left atrium

A

small remnant of left side of sinus venosus (can’t see in lab)

39
Q

How is the right side of sinus venosus incorporated into the rest of the heart?

A

incorporated into right CAUDAL/DORSAL part of RIGHT ATRIAL WALL

40
Q

When right side of sinus venosus is incorporated into the dorsal/caudal part of right atrial wall, how does this displate part of the heart?

A

displaces the original right half of primitive atrial wall farther to the right

41
Q

_____ is the name for the portion of the right atrium containing the right part of sinus venosus

A

sinus venarum

42
Q

What is the sinus venarum?

A

the portion of the right atrium consisting of incorporated sinus venosus

43
Q

Where does septum primum develop?

A

roof of atrium

44
Q

Septum primum is a thin, ___-shaped membrane

A

moon shaped

45
Q

Septum primum extends towards the ____ in the AV canal

A

endocardial cushions

46
Q

Where is ostium primum located?

A

ostium primum aka foramen primum

located below the endocardial cushions

47
Q

When septum primum hits the endocardial cushions, what happens?

A

ostium primum closes
ostium secundum in septum primum begins forming
septum secundum begins forming

48
Q

When perforations of septum primum begin to form, this forms ___

A

ostium secundum

49
Q

Septum secundum develops where?

A

roof of atrium, slightly to the right of septum primum

50
Q

Septum secundum develops as what else is happening?

A

as holes of septum primum are forming ostium secundum

51
Q

Septum secundum develops in what orientation?

A

inferiorly

52
Q

Septum secundum develops an opening that forms ___

A

foramen ovale

53
Q

All foramen allow for blood flow to be shuttled between ___

A

right and left atria in development

54
Q

Septum primum is pressed against septum secundum and adheres to it.
Why does this happen?
What happens as a result?

A

At birth, left atria is filled w/ blood –> pressure against septum primum pushes it against septum secundum

Foramen ovalis becomes fossa ovalis

55
Q

When does septation of the av canal occus?

A

week 4

56
Q

____ develop on each side of the AV canal, causing septation of the canal

A

4 endocardial cushions

57
Q

the 4 endocardial cushions are masses of ___

A

mesenchymal tissue

58
Q

the 4 endocardial cushions aid in the formation of the ____

A

orifices for the mitral and tricuspid valves of the heart

59
Q

When has the AV canal officially been separated into a RIGHT and LEFT av canal?

A

when the superior and inferior endocardial cushions fuse togehter

60
Q

The primitive ventricles begin to expand, and ultimately the ___ walls fuse together

A

medial

61
Q

When the medial walls of primitive ventricles fuse together, this forms ____

A

muscular interventricular septum

62
Q

where is the interventricular foramen located relative to the muscular interventricular septum?

A

interventricular foramen is just above the muscular interventricular septum

63
Q

What closes the interventricular foramen?

A

an outgrowth of endocardial cushions

64
Q

Complete closure of the interventricular formaen creates the formation of ____

A

membraneous part of interventricular septum

65
Q

When does partiitoning of the outflow tracts take plcae?

A

week 5

66
Q

Partitioning of the outflow tracts:

___ migrate to truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis

A

neural crest cells

67
Q

Partitioning of the outflow tracts:

neural crest cells migrate to __ and __

A

truncus arteriosus

bulbus cordis

68
Q

Partitionig of the outflow tracts:

neural crest cells migrate to truncus arteriosus and bulbus cordis to form ___

A

truncal ridges and bulbar ridges

69
Q

Truncal ridges and Bulbar ridges under go ____

A

180 degree spiraling

70
Q

Spiraling of truncal ridges and bulbar ridges results in formation of ____ when the ridges fuse

A

spiral aorticopulmonary septum

71
Q

Spiral aorticopulomonary septum forms when ___

A

the truncal ridges and bulbar ridges fuse after spirlaing

72
Q

The spiraling of the truncal and bulbar ridges twist around what structure?

A

ascending aorta

73
Q

The truncal and bulbar ridges grow inferiorly to contribute to a portion of ___

A

membraneous Interventricular septum

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

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