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Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 > E: Respiratory > Flashcards

E: Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

The respiratory diverticulum appears during week __

A

4

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2
Q

The respiratory diverticulum appears as an outgrowth of ___

A

foregut

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3
Q

The respiratory diverticulum is ___ derived

A

endoderm

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4
Q

Because respiratory diverticulum is endoderm derived, what adult structures are endoderm derived?

A

inner lining of larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

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5
Q

The lung bud grows out into the ____

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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6
Q

Because lung bud grows into splanchnic mesoderm, what adult structures are splanchnic mesoderm derived?

A

cartilageinous, musculature, connective tissue of trachae and lungs

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7
Q

The lung bud initially has an open communication with ___

A

foregut

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8
Q

Which direction does the lung bud grow?

A

caudal

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9
Q

As the lung bud grows caudally, what forms?

A

tracheoesophageal ridges

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10
Q

Tracheoesophageal ridges separate ____

A

the lung bud from the foregut

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11
Q

When tracheoesophageal ridges fuse, it becomes ___

A

tracheoesophageal septum

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12
Q

Tracheoesophageal septum:
dorsal part = ____
ventral part = ___

A

dorsal part = esophagus

ventral part = laryngotracheal tube (lung bud + trachae)

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13
Q

What is the laryngotrachael tube?

A

early in development when lung bud and trachea are still together

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14
Q

Tracheoesophageal septum can lead to what 2 main developmental disorders?

A
  1. esophageal atresia

2. tracheoesophageal fistula

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15
Q

What is esophageal atresia?

A

complete septation of the esophagus

blind end sac

food has nowhere to go

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16
Q

What is a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A

connection between tracheo and esophagus

so food and air are going t o the wrong places

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17
Q

If you have esophageal atresia, do you automatically have tracheoesophageal fistulas?

A

no

you can have esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistulas

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18
Q

The lung bud maintains communication with pharynx through ___

A

laryngeal orifice

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19
Q

The lung bud maintains communication with ___ through the laryngeal orifice

A

pharynx

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20
Q

Describe the shape of the laryngeal orifice

A

initially is a SAGITTAL SLIT

changes into a T SHAPED opening

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21
Q

Larynx cartilage and musculature is derived from pharyngeal arches ___

A

4 and 6

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22
Q

Mesenchyme of pharyngeal arches 4 and 6 become _____ in the larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
arytenoid cartilage

23
Q

The epiglottis is formed from mesenchyme of the ____

A

caudal hypopharyngeal eminence

24
Q

hypopharyngeal eminence

  • where is it
  • what does it become
A

@ base of tongue

mesenchyme = becomes EPIGLOTTIS

25
Q

Laryngeal mm from pharyngeal arch 4 is innervated by ____

Laryngeal mm from pharyngeal arch 6 is innervated by ____

A

4 = superior laryngeal n

6 = recurrent laryngeal n

26
Q

At day __ lung bud divides into 2 primary bronchial buds

A

28

27
Q

At day 28 the lung bud divides into ___

A

2 primary bronchial buds

28
Q

At week __, the R/L primary bronchial buds divide

A

5

29
Q

At week 5, the R/L primary bronchial buds divide into ___

A

right = 3 secondary bronchial buds

left = 2 secondary bronchial buds

30
Q

At week __, the R/L secondary bronchial buds divide

A

5-6

31
Q

Week 5-6, the R/L secondary bronchial buds divide into ___

A

right = 10 tertiary bronchial buds

left = 8 tertiary bronchial buds

32
Q

Once it starts to divide, the lung bud is growing in which direction?

A

caudal and LATERAL

33
Q

The lung bud is growing laterally into ___

A

pericardioperitoneal canal

34
Q

How does the shape of the pericardioperitoneal canal change?

What does this become?

A

It narrows

Becomes thep leural cavities

35
Q

Splanchnic mesoderm becomes ___

Somatic mesoderm becomes ___

A

splanchnic – visceral

somatic – parietal

36
Q

The respiratory tree produces small branches called ___

A

terminal bronchioles

37
Q

At week ___ the terminal bronchioles divide

A

16-28

38
Q

At weeks 16-28, the terminal bronchioles divide into ____

A

2 or more respiratory bronchioles

39
Q

What is so significant about the change from terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles?

A

this is the transition period from CONDUCTING to RESPIRATORY

40
Q

By week ___ terminal sacs (primitive alveoli) are formed

A

36

41
Q

What are the 4 stages of branching?

A
  1. psuedoglandular period
  2. canalicular period
  3. terminal sac period
  4. alveolar period
42
Q

Which of the stages of branching are fetal vs. neonatal?

A

fetal = psuedoglandular, canalicular, terminal sac

late fetal/neonatal = alveolar

43
Q

Which of the stages of branching would a fetus survive?

A

fatal = psuedoglandular and canalicular

could survive w/ assistance = termianl sac period

survive = alveolar

44
Q

Psuedogladnular period

  • when?
  • what is present?
A

5-16 weeks

branching continues to form TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES

45
Q

Canalicular period

  • when?
  • what is present?
A

16-26 weeks

each terminal bronchiole divided into 2+ respiratory bronchioles which divides into 3-6 alveolar ducts

46
Q

Terminal sac period

  • when?
  • what is present?
A

26 weeks
terminal sacs (primitive alveoli) are formed
capillaries establish close contact

47
Q

Alveolar Period

  • when?
  • what is present?
A

8months - early childhood

mature alveoli have well developed epithelial-endothelial contact

48
Q

Describe the epithelium at 26 weeks of the terminal sacs in respiratory system?

A

mostly simple squamous cells = type 1 alveolar cells

a few type 2 alveolar cells (surfactant)

49
Q

Describe type 1 alveolar cells

A

simple squamous cells that line terminal sacs

makes up most of epithelium

50
Q

Describe type 2 alveolar cells

A

scattered among type 1 alveolar cells

these produce, store, secrete pulmonary surfactant

51
Q

Where is surfactant present?

A

forms film over internal walls of alveolar sacs

52
Q

What is the function of surfactant?

A

counteracts surface tension

facilitates expansion of terminal sacs by preventing lung collapse

53
Q

What is atelectasis?

A

lung collapse

54
Q

Production of surfactant occurs at weeks ___

A

20-22

Anatomy 6513 UNIT 3 (13 decks)

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