Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

multicellular fungi are called ____

A

molds

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2
Q

unicellular fungi are called ____

A

yeasts

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3
Q

fungal characteristics

A
  • eukaryotes (have nucleus)
  • simple plants
  • decomposers
  • sexual/asexual reproduction
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4
Q

how do spores reproduce?

A

sexually (meet w other spores)

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5
Q

how do conidia reproduce?

A

asexually (land on any surface)

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6
Q

hyphae

A

tube (hair)-like extensions of cytoplasm

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7
Q

mycelium

A

fungal “mat” consisting of intertwined hyphae
(AKA mushrooms)

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8
Q

name 3 ways that hyphae can grow?

A
  • septate hypha (walls)
  • coenocytic hypha (no walls between)
  • growth of hypha from a spore
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9
Q

aerial hyphae grow ____

A

upward

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10
Q

vegetative hyphae grow ____

A

flat/straight across

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11
Q

thermal dimorphism

A

ability possessed by a fungus to grow as a yeast or as a mold depending on temperature

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12
Q

what temperature does yeast grow at?

A

35-37*C (body temp)

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13
Q

what temperature does mold grow at?

A

22*C (room temp)

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14
Q

yeast is a ____ fungus that reproduces ____ via ____

A

unicellular
asexually
budding (push cytoplasm into wall)

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15
Q

fungi reproduce via the formation of ____ that detach from the parent and germinate into a new mold

A

spores

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16
Q

asexual spores are produced via ____, and are formed by…

A
  • mitosis & cell division
  • hyphae of one organism
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17
Q

conidiospore

A

not enclosed in a sac

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18
Q

arthroconidia

A

fragmentation of septate hyphae

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19
Q

blastoconidia

A

buds of the parent cell

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20
Q

chlamydoconidium

A

thick-walled cells/spore within a hyphal segment

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21
Q

sporangiospore

A

enclosed in a sac (within a sporangium)

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22
Q

conidia are arranged in ____

23
Q

how are sexual spores formed?

A

fusion of nuclei from 2 opposite mating strains

24
Q

3 phases of sexual reproduction

A
  • plasmogamy
  • karyogamy
  • meiosis
25
plasmogamy
haploid donor cell nucleus (+) penetrates cytoplasm of recipient cell (-)
26
karyogamy
+ and - nuclei fuse and form diploid zygote
27
meiosis
diploid nucleus produces haploid nuclei (sexual spores)
28
nutritional adaptations of fungi
- grow better at pH of 5 - grow in high sugar and salt concentration; resistant to osmotic pressure - can grow in low moisture content - can metabolize complex carbs
29
mycosis
any disease caused by a fungus (yeast or mold)
30
examples of superficial mycoses
- tinea capitis (scalp & eyebrows) - pityriasis (yeast dermatitis of chest & back)
31
examples of cutaneous and mucocutaneous mycoses
- ringworm - candidiasis
32
examples of subcutaneous mycoses
- sporotrichosis (puncture contamination) - zygomatic rhinitis
33
examples of deep mycoses
- coccidiomycosis (valley fever) - histoplasmosis
34
what type of clothing causes yeast pityriasis?
wick-wear ('breathable') -> yeast remains in clothing
35
tinea cruris is also called ____
jock itch
36
what is tinea cruris?
red scaling plaques on medial thighs and inguinal folds
37
tinea cruris may be spread from ____
tinea pedis (athlete's foot)
38
what is the most common dermatophyte?
tinea pedis
39
etiology of tinea pedis
use of occlusive footwear, presents with toe-web maceration (mold)
40
what is tinea unguium (onychomycosis)?
fungal infection of the nails of either feet or hands
41
what is tinea capitis?
superficial fungal infection of the skin of scalp, eyebrows, and eyelashes, with a propensity for attacking hair shafts and follicles
42
sporotrichosis is also known as ____
rose gardener's disease or rose gardener's thumb
43
what causes sporotrichosis?
sporothrix (fungus throughout the world in soil and on plant matter such as sphagnum moss, rose bushes, and hay)
44
where does histoplasmosis fungus live?
- soil containing large amounts of bird or bat droppings - in US: central and eastern states, especially around Ohio and Mississippi river valleys - parts of central & south america, africa, asia, australia
45
do fungal pathogens require a host to complete their life cycle?
no, most do not
46
true fungal pathogens are distributed in a predictable geographic pattern based on ____ and ____
climate and soil
47
valley fever (coccidiodomycosis) can spread beyond the lungs to the bloodstream, and eventually the brain, causing ____
meningitis
48
fungal virulence factors
- thermal dimorphism - toxin production - capsules - adhesion factors - hydrolytic enzymes
49
name 4 examples of mycotoxins
- aflatoxin - ergot - psilocybin - a-amanitin
50
aflatoxin
- carcinogenic - found on improperly stored peanuts
51
ergot
- hallucinogen - alkaloid toxin that affects dopamine - found on improperly stored grain
52
psilocybin
- hallucinogen (magic mushrooms) - affects cerebrum and sensory processing - found in genus Basidiomycota
53
a-amanitin
(death cap mushroom) - lethal to hepatocytes - death occurs within 6hrs of ingestion
54
"sick building" syndrome
- caused by toxin production by Stachybotrys chartarum - severe hematologic and neurologic damage - water infiltration of building supplies or flood damage