Final Review (9-12) Flashcards
In microbiology, what is considered an upper respiratory tract infection?
Above the trachea (larynx, pharynx, mouth)
In microbiology, what is considered a lower respiratory infection?
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
What is the most important part of the respiratory tract systems defensives?
Mucociliary escalator
What is the technical name for a strep throat?
Pharyngitis
What is the name for an inner ear infection?
Otitis media
Mastoiditis is a potential complication of what condition?
Otitis media
What are possible complications if otitis media is left untreated?
Mastoiditis, Petrositis, or Labyrinthitis
What is a common complication of untreated sinus blockage?
Sinusitis
What is halitosis?
Bad breath
What is a reduced ability to smell called?
Hyposmia
What is the etiologic agent of Pharyngitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
What is the etiologic agent of Diptheria?
Corynebacterium diptheraie
How many types of Parainfluenza Virus (HPIV) can infection humans?
2 types
What is the common name for a Mycoplasmal Pneumonia infection?
Walking Pneumonia
What is the chief complain of Walking Pneumonia?
Persistent, nagging, unproductive coughing
What are some of the signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis?
Fever, weight loss, SOB, hacking cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough), night sweats
What are the three antibiotics included in the treatment for Tuberculosis?
Pyrazinamide, Rifampicin, Isoniazid
What are the possible diagnosis tests of Tuberculosis?
PPD, Mantoux or Tine
What is the term for a calcified tubercle found in X-ray of the lungs?
Ghon complex
What structure gets affected when you have a Pertussis infection?
Ciliated bronchial epithelium
What disease may present with subconjunctival bleeding in not treated?
Pertussis
What is the etiologic agent of Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii
What type of bacteria grows in the placenta of infected animals?
Coxiella burnetii
What is the common name for a Psittacosis infection?
Parrot fever
What is the etiologic agent of Parrot fever?
Chlamydia psittaci
what is the order of the three stages of pertussis?
Prodromal, Catarrhal, Paroxysmal, Convalescence
What serotype of influenza is responsible for all flu pandemics?
Serotype A
(bolded in notes)
How long does it take for respiratory epithelium to be restored from influenza?
2-10 weeks
What type of infections has the appearance of coiled macrophages?
Legionella pnemophila
Croup cough is the common name for what infection?
Parainfluenza
Where in the cells does a parainfluenza virus replicate?
cytoplasm
Hypercapnia is a symptom associated with what disease?
RSV
What is the term for elevated CO2 levels?
Hypercapnia
What fungal disease is most commonly associated with AIDS patients?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
Early in the AIDS epidemic, what infection was the only indicator signifying infection with HIV?
Pneumocystis
What population most likely gets Blastomycosis?
Hunters (men between 20-40)
psittacosis is commonly known as ____
parrot fever
mastoiditis is a potential complication of ____
otitis media
what respiratory infection may present with subconjunctival bleeding?
pertussis (whooping cough)
respiratory syncytial virus (does/does not) present with a cough
does NOT
the associated mortality rate of untreated aspergillosis is ____
100%
what feature of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is destroyed in pertussis (whooping cough)?
cilia
the test that is used to determine prion infections is the ____
ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
a severe complication of untreated otitis media is ____
mastoiditis
where does the lower respiratory tract begin from a microbiological perspective?
trachea
coccidiomycosis is also known as ____
valley fever
early in the AIDS epidemic, infection with ____ was the only indicator signifying infection with HIV
pneumocytis
what are reasons for the increase in TB?
- co-infection with HIV/AIDS
- increased immigration of infected persons
- increased number of institutionalized elderly
(all of the above)
which nations have more cases of avian influenza in birds?
poorer nations
bacterial sinusitis is commonly misdiagnosed as ____
allergic rhinitis
the expected mortality rate of uncomplicated influenza is ____
0.1-2.5%
ghon (is/is not) a test for TB
is NOT
(PPD skin test, chest film, sputum sample w acid-fast staining, biopsy)
which virus is known in the US as sin nombre?
Hanta