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NYCC Microbiology > 10 Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

10 Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Diseases of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems are characterized by ____

A

Microbial type

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2
Q

Sepsis is the presence of ____ or ____

A

Microbes
Toxins

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3
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Life-threatening hypotensive event caused by endotoxins (disseminated intravascular clotting) or exotoxins in which blood vessels collapse

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4
Q

What is septicaemia?

A

Infection caused by rapid multiplication of pathogens

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5
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

Infection of the heart

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6
Q

What is thrombophlebitis?

A

Infection of the veins

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7
Q

What is endoarteritis?

A

Infection of the arteries

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8
Q

What is the most virulent bacterial infection ever known?

A

Plague

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9
Q

How does plague spread?

A

Lymph nodes -> blood -> lungs

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10
Q

Transmission of bubonic plague

A

Bite of rat flea: Xenopsylla cheopis

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11
Q

Reservoir of bubonic plague

A

Rats, prairie dogs

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12
Q

Etiologic agent of bubonic plague

A

Yersinia pestis

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13
Q

Pathogenesis of bubonic plague

A
  • incubation period: 2-7 days
  • fever & buboes (swollen lymph nodes)
  • septic shock: death in one week
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14
Q

Septicemic plague occurs when…

A

Bacteria overwhelm lymph nodes and enter systemic circulation

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15
Q

Signs & symptoms of septicemic plague

A
  • hypotension
  • fever
  • hepatomegaly
  • delirium
  • seizures
  • may die without manifestation of symptoms
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16
Q

What is the most deadly form of plague? When does death occur?

A

Pneumonic plague
Within 24-48 hrs

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17
Q

Transmission of pneumonic plague

A

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

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18
Q

What is the scientific name of “rabbit fever?”

A

Tularemia

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19
Q

Etiologic agent of tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

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20
Q

Etiologic agent of tularemia

A

Francisella tularensis

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21
Q

Transmission of tularemia

A

Infection of wild animals transmissible to humans
- tick bite
- ingestion of contaminated meat or water
- direct contact (abrasion or cut)
- inhalation

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22
Q

Transmission of tularemia

A

Infection of wild animals transmissible to humans
- tick bite
- ingestion of contaminated meat or water
- direct contact (abrasion or cut)
- inhalation

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23
Q

Pathogenesis of tularemia

A
  • incubation: 2-5 days
  • ulcerated lesion forms at infection site
  • deeper within tissue granulomas form
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24
Q

Name 3 types of tularemia

A
  • ulcerogoandular
  • oculogoandular
  • typhoidal
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25
Q

Name 3 types of tularemia

A
  • ulcerogoandular
  • oculogoandular
  • typhoidal
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26
Q

What is brucellosis?

A

Infection of reproductive tract of cows

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27
Q

What is brucellosis?

A

Infection of reproductive tract of cows

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28
Q

Etiologic agent of brucellosis

A

Brucella species

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29
Q

Transmission of brucellosis to humans

A
  • occupational contact
  • ingestion of contaminated animal products (dairy, meat)
  • cuts in skin
  • contact with mucus membrane
  • inhalation
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30
Q

Pathogenesis of brucellosis

A
  • 1-3 weeks post-incubation: drenching night sweats & fever (up to. 40°/104°)
  • headaches
  • body aches
  • weight loss
  • splenomegaly
  • hepatomegaly
  • lymohadenopathy
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31
Q

Vector of Lyme disease

A

Deer tick (lxodes dammini)

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32
Q

Etiologic agent of Lyme disease

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

33
Q

Reservoir of Lyme disease

A

Mice

34
Q

Disease cycle of Lyme disease involves…

A

Ticks, mice, deer
Humans are incidental hosts

35
Q

Signs & symptoms of acute Lyme disease

A

Fever
Migratory bull’s eye rash (erythema migrans)
Muscle aches
Joint pain
Meningeal irritation

36
Q

Pathogenesis of acute Lyme disease

A
  • primary lesions appear in 1st month
  • if untreated, lesions disappear but other symptoms may persist for months
37
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic Lyme disease

A
  • secondary infective stage may begin days, weeks, or months later
  • meningitis
  • facial n palsy
  • peripheral n destruction
  • myocarditis
  • cardiomegaly
38
Q

Pathogenesis of later stage Lyme disease

A
  • neurologic & cardiovascular symptoms resolve spontaneously within weeks
  • may see CNS involvement: memory, mood, sleep disorders
  • disabling arthritis can begin weeks to years after infection (predominantly knee; erosion of bone)
39
Q

What disease is known as “the great imitator” and is rarely fatal but if untreated can be a source of chronic ill death?

A

Lyme disease

40
Q

Etiologic agent of relapsing fever

A

Borrelia species

41
Q

Vectors of relapsing fever

A

Ticks or body lice

42
Q

Primary symptoms of relapsing fever

A

Fever
Muscle pain
Weakness

43
Q

What is found during periods of relapse and remission of relapsing fever?

A

Relapse: spirochetes in blood
Remission: spirochetes sequester in organs

44
Q

Compare the vectors of relapsing fever

A

Tick: 2-3 relapses, fatalities rare
Louse: 10+ relapses, 40% mortality if untreated, death due to myocarditis, cerebral hemorrhage, or liver failure

45
Q

Rickettsial infections are characterized by…

A

Fever
Rash
Muscle aches

46
Q

Etiologic agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Rickettsia rickettsia

47
Q

Vector of Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A

Ticks

48
Q

What is the most characteristic feature of Rocky Mountain spotted fever?

A

Rash:
- appears on soles, palms, wrists, ankles
- moves TOWARDS torso
- develops of 3rd day
- often mistaken for measles in children

49
Q

Etiologic agent of endemic typhus

A

Rickettsia typhi

50
Q

Vector of endemic typhus

A

Rat flea: xenopsylla cheopis

51
Q

Reservoir of endemic typhus

A

Rats

52
Q

What is the most characteristic feature of endemic and epidemic typhus?

A

rash forms on torso and moves to extremities

53
Q

the presence of viruses in the blood is called ____

A

viremia

54
Q

epstein-barr virus is also known as ____, and has an affinity for ____

A

human herpes virus 4 (HHV4)
B lymphocytes

55
Q

etiologic agent of infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

EBV (HHV4)

56
Q

most common vector of arboviruses

A

mosquito

57
Q

target organ of yellow fever

A

liver

58
Q

chief symptom of yellow fever

A

jaundice (ichteric)
(causes necrosis of hepatocytes)

59
Q

major complication of yellow fever

A

hemorrhage

60
Q

Breakbone fever is known as ____

A

dengue fever

61
Q

vector or dengue fever

A

aedes aegypti mosquito

62
Q

symptoms of dengue fever

A
  • fever
  • rash
  • severe pain in back, head, muscles, joints

severe: shock, pleural effusion, hemorrhage, death

63
Q

what are the only 2 filoviruses that infect humans? which is more deadly?

A

ebola > marburg

64
Q

transmission, vector, and reservoir of ebola

A
  • person to person
  • unknown vector & reservoir
65
Q

where does ebola cause rapid hemorrhaging?

A
  • skin
  • mucus membranes
  • liver
  • lymphoid tissue
  • kidneys
  • gonads
66
Q

what is the south american form of trypanosomiasis?

A

Chagas’ Disease

67
Q

etiologic agent of chagas’ disease

A

trypanosoma cruzi

68
Q

vector of chagas’ disease

A

feces of reduvid (kissing bug)

69
Q

what cells are most susceptible to chagas’ disease?

A

cardiomyocytes
skeletal m cells
glial n cells

70
Q

most chagas’ disease infections are in what population?

A

children

71
Q

etiologic agent of chronic african sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei gambiense

72
Q

vector of african sleeping sickness (acute & chronic)

A

tsetse fly

73
Q

clinical manifestation & target of chronic african sleeping sickness?

A

Manifests as narcolepsy
Target: CSF & meninges

74
Q

etiologic agent of acute african sleeping sickness

A

trypanosoma brucei rhodiense

75
Q

clinical manifestation of acute african sleeping sickness

A
  • coma
  • convulsions
  • death within 4 mo of infection

(targets brain)

76
Q

what are the 2 parasites of filariasis?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

77
Q

filariasis inhabits the ____

A

lymphatic systems
(eggs grow and cause blockages)

78
Q

pathogenesis of filariasis is caused by…

A

molting and dying worms which stimulate dilation of lymphatics, hyperplastic changes to vessel endothelium, infiltration of lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils

NYCC Microbiology (17 decks)

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