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Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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2
Q

Where are fungi?

A

Soil, vegetation, water

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3
Q

How do fungi get energy?

A

Extracellular digestion

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4
Q

What are fungi that get energy from dead organic matter called?

A

Saprophytic

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5
Q

What are fungi that get energy from living organisms called?

A

Parasitic

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6
Q

Are fungi basic or acidic?

A

Acidic (pH=5)

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7
Q

What do fungi cell walls contain?

A

Chitin

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8
Q

What is something in the cell membrane of fungi that is a major target of anti-fungal treatment?

A

Ergosterols

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9
Q

What are yeasts?

A

unicellular

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10
Q

What are molds?

A

Multicellular

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11
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

Budding

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12
Q

What is the fundamental tube-like structure of molds?

A

Hypha

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13
Q

What is a continuous cells of molds without cross walls?

A

Aseptate hyphae

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14
Q

What is hypha divided by cross walls?

A

Septate hyphae

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15
Q

What is the intertwined branching filaments forming the vegetative portion of the fungus?

A

Mycelium

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16
Q

What happens if an aseptate hyphae is injured?

A

Death due to inability to heal (unlike septate)

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17
Q

What type of fungus causes most pathogenicity?

A

Dimorphic fungi

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18
Q

What are fungi that form yeast/molds at different temperatures?

A

Dimorphic fungi

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19
Q

Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it asexually?

A

Mitosis

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20
Q

Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it sexually?

A

Meiosis

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21
Q

What are the fungi that form within a sac and release?

A

Sporangiospores

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22
Q

What type of cell structure do sporangiospores have?

A

Aseptate hyphae

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23
Q

What are the fungi that form within a bulb with little finger projections?

A

Conidiospores

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24
Q

What type of cell structure do conidiospores have?

A

Septate hyphae

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25
What is the sexual reproduction characterized by the fusion of two compatible thalli?
Zygospores
26
What are the most medically relevant fungi?
Ascospores
27
What fungi forms the mushrooms?
Basidiospores
28
What are the 4 major phyla of the fungi kingdom?
Zygomycota = bread molds Ascomycota = sac fungi Basiciomycota = club fungi Deuteromycota = fungi imperfecti
29
What are most fungal species classified as?
Dikarya (ascomycota and basidiomycota)
30
How is immunity to fungal infection characterized?
Cell-mediated
31
What is fungus that invade keratinized epidermal structures?
Dermatophytes (cutaneous mycoses)
32
What is fungus that penetrates beneath skin and involve deeper layers of the skin and muscle?
Subcutaneous mycoses
33
What is fungus that invades deep into the tissue/blood?
Systemic mycoses
34
What is intoxication resulting from consumption of grains or feeds contaminated with mycotoxins?
Mycotoxicosis
35
What is mycotoxicity in peanuts?
Aflatoxin
36
What is the fungus responsible for the greatest economic loss in swine reproduction?
Zearalenone Toxicity (ZEA)
37
What are fungus that grow and replicate in soil called?
Geophilic
38
What are zoophilic dermatophytes?
Obligate parasites on animals
39
What are anthropophilic dermatophytes?
Obligate parasites found on humans
40
How do most dermatophytes infiltrate?
Hair follicles
41
What 2 things mediate the immune response?
IgE Mast cells
42
What is the natural host of the microsporum canis?
Cat
43
What is the most common type of dermatophytosis in dogs?
Microspordium canis
44
What is the number 1 dermatophyte that infects horses?
Microsporum gypseum
45
What is the number 1 dermatophyte in pigs?
Microsporum nanum
46
What does trichophyton in large animals cause (highly contagious)
Trichophytosis
47
What is the most common type of ringworm in cattle?
Trichophyton verrucosum
48
How do you diagnose dermatophytes?
Wood's Lamp
49
What can cause false positives on Wood's lamp?
Ointments Dead skin
50
What should you culture fungi on?
Sabouraud's agar Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
51
How long does M. canis and trychophyton take to grow?
2-3 days
52
What is malassezia otitis?
Cutaneous mycoses
53
What is cutaneous mycoses?
Opportunistic yeast
54
What are lipophilic yeast?
Need lipids from host
55
What do sporotrichosis look like?
Cigar bodies
56
What is pythiosis?
Chronic non-healing granulomas on skin or GI tract AKA swamp cancer or florida horse leaches
57
What is pythian insidiosum?
oomycete (water molds)
58
What is pythiosis called in horses?
Kunkers - stony masses
59
What is most common cause of systemic mycoses?
Inhalation
60
Is immunosuppression needed for systemic mycoses?
NO
61
What are systemic mycoses infections causes by?
Dimorphic fungi
62
What type of systemic mycoses is most common in Ohio?
Blastomycosis
63
How is blastomycosis diagnosed?
Cytology or histopathology
64
What antigen is common with blastomycosis?
Galactomannan
65
How long does it take to incubate blastomycosis at room temp?
10-30 days
66
What is the fungus found in caves in the midwest?
Histoplasmosis
67
How is histoplasmosis spread?
Within macrophages as yeast
68
What is another name for coccidioidomycosis?
Valley fever
69
Where does valley fever come from specifically?
Sand fungal particles
70
What organ does valley fever affect?
Respiratory
71
What are the 4 opportunistic fungi?
Candidiasis Cryptococcosis Aspergillosis Zygomycosis
72
What is the most common opportunistic mycosis?
Candidiasis
73
What causes cutaneous white crust on broiler chicken comb? UTI in cat and dog Abortion and mastitis in cow
Candidiasis
74
What does crytococcosis usually show up as?
Feline nasal disease C. gattii in horses in PNW
75
Where does aspergillosis come from?
Plant debris and soil
76
What is brooder pneumonia from?
Avian aspergillosis
77
How do you get brooder pneumonia?
Massive dose of spores
78
What does canine rhinitis come from?
Canine nasal aspergillosis
79
What causes guttural pouch mycosis?
Aspergillus
80
What causes mycotic keratitis?
Aspergillus
81
What causes mycotic abortion in cattle?
Aspergillus
82
What is the most common zygomycosis?
Mucormycosis
83

Diseases and Diagnosis (25 decks)

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