Mycology Flashcards
What is mycology?
Study of fungi
Where are fungi?
Soil, vegetation, water
How do fungi get energy?
Extracellular digestion
What are fungi that get energy from dead organic matter called?
Saprophytic
What are fungi that get energy from living organisms called?
Parasitic
Are fungi basic or acidic?
Acidic (pH=5)
What do fungi cell walls contain?
Chitin
What is something in the cell membrane of fungi that is a major target of anti-fungal treatment?
Ergosterols
What are yeasts?
unicellular
What are molds?
Multicellular
How do yeast reproduce?
Budding
What is the fundamental tube-like structure of molds?
Hypha
What is a continuous cells of molds without cross walls?
Aseptate hyphae
What is hypha divided by cross walls?
Septate hyphae
What is the intertwined branching filaments forming the vegetative portion of the fungus?
Mycelium
What happens if an aseptate hyphae is injured?
Death due to inability to heal (unlike septate)
What type of fungus causes most pathogenicity?
Dimorphic fungi
What are fungi that form yeast/molds at different temperatures?
Dimorphic fungi
Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it asexually?
Mitosis
Fungi reproduce both asexually and sexually, how do they do it sexually?
Meiosis
What are the fungi that form within a sac and release?
Sporangiospores
What type of cell structure do sporangiospores have?
Aseptate hyphae
What are the fungi that form within a bulb with little finger projections?
Conidiospores
What type of cell structure do conidiospores have?
Septate hyphae
What is the sexual reproduction characterized by the fusion of two compatible thalli?
Zygospores
What are the most medically relevant fungi?
Ascospores
What fungi forms the mushrooms?
Basidiospores
What are the 4 major phyla of the fungi kingdom?
Zygomycota = bread molds
Ascomycota = sac fungi
Basiciomycota = club fungi
Deuteromycota = fungi imperfecti
What are most fungal species classified as?
Dikarya (ascomycota and basidiomycota)
How is immunity to fungal infection characterized?
Cell-mediated
What is fungus that invade keratinized epidermal structures?
Dermatophytes (cutaneous mycoses)
What is fungus that penetrates beneath skin and involve deeper layers of the skin and muscle?
Subcutaneous mycoses
What is fungus that invades deep into the tissue/blood?
Systemic mycoses
What is intoxication resulting from consumption of grains or feeds contaminated with mycotoxins?
Mycotoxicosis
What is mycotoxicity in peanuts?
Aflatoxin
What is the fungus responsible for the greatest economic loss in swine reproduction?
Zearalenone Toxicity (ZEA)
What are fungus that grow and replicate in soil called?
Geophilic
What are zoophilic dermatophytes?
Obligate parasites on animals
What are anthropophilic dermatophytes?
Obligate parasites found on humans
How do most dermatophytes infiltrate?
Hair follicles
What 2 things mediate the immune response?
IgE
Mast cells
What is the natural host of the microsporum canis?
Cat
What is the most common type of dermatophytosis in dogs?
Microspordium canis
What is the number 1 dermatophyte that infects horses?
Microsporum gypseum
What is the number 1 dermatophyte in pigs?
Microsporum nanum
What does trichophyton in large animals cause (highly contagious)
Trichophytosis
What is the most common type of ringworm in cattle?
Trichophyton verrucosum
How do you diagnose dermatophytes?
Wood’s Lamp
What can cause false positives on Wood’s lamp?
Ointments
Dead skin
What should you culture fungi on?
Sabouraud’s agar
Dermatophyte test medium (DTM)
How long does M. canis and trychophyton take to grow?
2-3 days
What is malassezia otitis?
Cutaneous mycoses
What is cutaneous mycoses?
Opportunistic yeast
What are lipophilic yeast?
Need lipids from host
What do sporotrichosis look like?
Cigar bodies
What is pythiosis?
Chronic non-healing granulomas on skin or GI tract
AKA swamp cancer or florida horse leaches
What is pythian insidiosum?
oomycete (water molds)
What is pythiosis called in horses?
Kunkers - stony masses
What is most common cause of systemic mycoses?
Inhalation
Is immunosuppression needed for systemic mycoses?
NO
What are systemic mycoses infections causes by?
Dimorphic fungi
What type of systemic mycoses is most common in Ohio?
Blastomycosis
How is blastomycosis diagnosed?
Cytology or histopathology
What antigen is common with blastomycosis?
Galactomannan
How long does it take to incubate blastomycosis at room temp?
10-30 days
What is the fungus found in caves in the midwest?
Histoplasmosis
How is histoplasmosis spread?
Within macrophages as yeast
What is another name for coccidioidomycosis?
Valley fever
Where does valley fever come from specifically?
Sand fungal particles
What organ does valley fever affect?
Respiratory
What are the 4 opportunistic fungi?
Candidiasis
Cryptococcosis
Aspergillosis
Zygomycosis
What is the most common opportunistic mycosis?
Candidiasis
What causes cutaneous white crust on broiler chicken comb?
UTI in cat and dog
Abortion and mastitis in cow
Candidiasis
What does crytococcosis usually show up as?
Feline nasal disease
C. gattii in horses in PNW
Where does aspergillosis come from?
Plant debris and soil
What is brooder pneumonia from?
Avian aspergillosis
How do you get brooder pneumonia?
Massive dose of spores
What does canine rhinitis come from?
Canine nasal aspergillosis
What causes guttural pouch mycosis?
Aspergillus
What causes mycotic keratitis?
Aspergillus
What causes mycotic abortion in cattle?
Aspergillus
What is the most common zygomycosis?
Mucormycosis