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Diseases and Diagnosis > Behavior For Block 9 > Flashcards

Behavior For Block 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of associative learning?

A

Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning

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2
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Associations are made between natural (treat) and neutral (bell)

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3
Q

What are the 2 main functions of classical conditioning (CC)

A

Adapt to environment
Avoid danger

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4
Q

Classical conditioning is used for training ________ reflexes

A

Involuntary

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5
Q

Anything that elicits or could elicit a response

A

Stimulus

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6
Q

Any reaction to a stimulus

A

Response

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7
Q

Causing no response

A

Neutral

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8
Q

Learned or taught

A

Conditioned

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9
Q

Innate, natural, reflexive, no learning required

A

Unconditioned

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10
Q

Does not yet elicit a response

A

Neutral stimulus

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11
Q

Elicits an innate response no previous training/learning

A

Unconditioned stimulus

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12
Q

A previously neutral stimulus now causes a specific response after being paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus

A

Conditioned stimulus
(Ringing a bell with giving food)

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13
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

Occurs when an animal operates / performs a behavior

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14
Q

What are the 4 categories of operant conditioning?

A

Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement
Positive punishment
Negative punishment

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15
Q

Something is added (&)

A

Positive

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16
Q

Something is removed (-)

A

Negative

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17
Q

Increases the likelihood a behavior will be repeated

A

Reinforcement

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18
Q

Decreases the likelihood a behavior will happen again

A

Punishment

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19
Q

*You can cause positive reinforcement of undesired behaviors. i.e. petting a dog after it jumps on you

A
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20
Q

Negative punishment = timeout

A
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21
Q

What is ratio reinforcement schedule?

A

How many behaviors repetitions are performed before reward appears

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22
Q

What is interval reinforcement scheduel?

A

How many times occurs before reward appears

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23
Q

What is the most effective ratio (or interval) reinforcement schedule at maintaining a behavior?

A

Variable ratio (casino for example or text messages)

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24
Q

How should you apply reinforcement schedules?

A

Used fixed schedule at first (treat every time)
Once learned, use variable schedule (every once in a while)

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25
Q

Define luring

A

Use treat to lure animal into desired position

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26
Q

Define capturing

A

Wait for behavior to be offered then reward

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27
Q

Define shaping

A

Reward each step taken towards the goal behavior

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28
Q

What would this be called: Normal puppy meets a nice group of men. Dog thinks all men are nice?

A

Generalization

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29
Q

What is the ability to respond differently to similar yet distinct stimuli (sounds of different cars)

A

Discrimination

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30
Q

Disappearance of a reward is not provided

A

Extinction

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31
Q

What is non-associative learning?

A

Process by which a response to a stimulus is attenuated or augmented by repeated or continual presentation

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32
Q

What are the 2 types of non-associative learning?

A

Habituation
Sensitization

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33
Q

What is habituation?

A

Occurs when an animal is repeatedly exposed to a stimulus but experiences no pain, fear, or injury

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34
Q

What is sensitization?

A

Increase in behavioral response that may result from repeated presentation of an eliciting stimuli
—-Instead of habituating to the stimulus, the animal reacts more strongly with each presentation of the stimulus

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35
Q

How can you tell if an animal will because habitual or sensitive?

A

You cant predict

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36
Q

Reduction in a behavioral and emotional response by repeatedly presenting the stimulus at full strength

A

Flooding

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37
Q

Changing a negative event to a positive one with a positive stimulus

A

Counter-conditioning

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38
Q

When triaging a behavior issue, what are the 2 main categories?

A

Training/management issue
Abnormal behavior (aggression, separation anxiety, noise phobias, spraying)

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39
Q

What 2 things should you look for in a trained?

A

CPDT: Certified pet dog trainer
KPA: Karen Pryor Academy certified (better)

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40
Q

What cases should be referred to a specialist?

A

Human-directed aggression, aggression resulting in animal death

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41
Q

Who are specialists?

A

CAAB (Masters or PhD): Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist
DACVB: Veterinary Behaviorist

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42
Q

How long should you schedule behavior consults?

A

60 minutes

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43
Q

What is first step of behavior consult?

A

HISTORY

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44
Q

What is big question in behavior consult?

A

What triggers the behavior (what happens right before the behavior)

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45
Q

What are the 4 questions to describe the triggers?

A

Who is the target
When does it occur
Where does it occur
What happens

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46
Q

What is the dog’s pheromone product?

A

Adaptil

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47
Q

Behavior training utilizing desensitization

A

Start at a baseline exposure to trigger at a level that does not induce a response, gradually increase over time

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48
Q

What is response substitution?

A

Doing a different activity when provoked to do another
(Sitting when a visitor arrives rather than jumping)

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49
Q

What is the correct term for separating anxiety?

A

Separation related disorder

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50
Q

***What is the concern about separation from preferred social companions

A

Separation distress

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51
Q

***What is teh concern about being alone?

A

Isolation distress

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52
Q

***What is the worry about being in a small area?

A

Confinement distress

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53
Q

What is the NUMBER 1 presenting problem to DACVBs?

A

Aggression

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54
Q

What is the NUMBER 2 presenting problem to DACVBs

A

Separation distress

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55
Q

What are 3 risk factors for separation distress?

A

Small
Male
Young

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56
Q

Are dogs that “shadow” people in the home more likely to have separation distress problems? (SRP)

A

NO!

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57
Q

What are 3 signs of separation distress?

A

Vocalization
Elimination
Destructive behavior

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58
Q

What does SRP stand for?

A

Separation related problem

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59
Q

What are signs of separation related problems

A

Escape behaviors
Hypersalivation
Self-injury
***Anorexia

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60
Q

What is a unique thing part of the minimum database for behavior issues?

A

Video recording

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61
Q

Other pets rarely help but can help

62
Q

What is a good treatment for SRP?

A

Encourage independence
Create a safe environment
Exercise before leaving

63
Q

Should you punish for undesirable behaviors when home alone?

64
Q

Downplay departures (avoid keys, shoes, coat)

65
Q

What are the 2 most important long lasting FDA approved psychoactive medications?

A

Reconcile (Prozac)
Clomicalm

66
Q

How long do long-acting medications take to start?

67
Q

What is an important contraindication for clomicalm?

A

Male breeding dogs - sperm motility

68
Q

What type of mechanism does Prozac / reconcile work by?

69
Q

What is the most common side effect of fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

Decreased appetite

70
Q

When should you utilize immediate-acting medications?

A

Before departure

71
Q

What is a benzodiazepine?

A

Immediate-acting sedative

72
Q

What is trazodone?

A

Seratonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor - SARI (quick acting SSRI)

73
Q

What is clonidine?

A

Alpha-2 agonist

74
Q

What is Sileo?

A

Alpha-2 agonist (immediate action)

75
Q

What is acepromozine

A

Phenothiaze tranquilizer
Used in addition to another drug

76
Q

How often do cats urinate/deficate?

A

Urinate 2-4x
Deficate 1-2x

77
Q

What does FIE stand for

A

Feline inappropriate elimination

78
Q

What is the most common feline behavioral problem reported to vets

A

FIE (feline inappropriate elimination)W

79
Q

What is the main way to differentiate marking from urination?

A

Absence of digging/covering

80
Q

What are the 3 aversions related to cat toileting?

A

Litter box aversion (dont like the box)
Substrate aversion (dont like the littler)
Location aversion (dont like the location)

81
Q

Aversion as a result of pain - takes just one event, tend to go right next to the litter box, common when STOOLS are the only undesirable eliminations

82
Q

What causes FIC?

A

Stress-induced inflammation of the bladder wall

83
Q

What is first thing to do for diagnosis of undesirable elimination

A

Minimum database

84
Q

Cats dont mark out of spite

85
Q

What is most common neoplasia of the bladder?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

86
Q

What is minimum size of littler box?

A

Nose-tail x 1.5

87
Q

What does Feliway classic do?

A

Deters urine marking
Encourages toileting

88
Q

What are some avoidance behaviors?

A

Turning head, squinting, ducking head

89
Q

What are some displacement behaviors?

A

Holding a leg up, yawing, lip lickingW

90
Q

When does lunging/snapping/biting emerge?

A

Social maturity (2-4 years old)

91
Q

What should always be your first avenue of diagnoses?

A

Medical diagnoses

92
Q

Why should you not punish aggression?

A

May lead to biting without warning

93
Q

What is an important poor prognostic indicator for aggression?

A

Aggression started prior to 1 year of age

94
Q

What are top 2 ways to decrease anxiety in SRP cases?

A

Create safe environment
Decrease anxiety

95
Q

Desensitization = continual exposure to stimulus

96
Q

Counter-conditioning = associating negative stimulus with positive things

97
Q

What is an ARB?

A

Abnormal repetitive behavior

98
Q

What are ARBs linked to?

A

Barren environments and confinement

99
Q

ARBs = normal behaviors that become repetitive and displayed out of context

100
Q

Redirected Behavior = ?

A

Doing something to itself that it would naturally do
(calf suckling on naval)

101
Q

Intention activity = ?

A

Activity similar to what it would want to do but cant

102
Q

What is a source behavior?

A

Underlying normal behavior that becomes abnormal

103
Q

What does Zylkene help with?

A

Anxiety disorders in dogs and cats (has not been shown to help much)

104
Q

What does Anxitane help with?

A

Helps keep pets calm and relaxed

105
Q

What is anxitame derived from?

106
Q

What does Solliquin help with?

A

Thunder fear and anxiety

107
Q

What does Composure help with?

A

Noice induced anxiety

108
Q

What type of pheromone is Feliway Classic?

A

Cheek pheromone

109
Q

What type of pheromone is Feliway multi-cat?

A

Maternal pheromone

110
Q

Prescription diets: Royal canin CALM

A

Decreases fear behaviors and freezing in home space

111
Q

Prescription diets: Hills c/d STRESS

112
Q

Tryptophan supplementation decreases:

A

Stereotypies
Vocalization
Agonistic behaviors
House soiling
Scratching

113
Q

Is there evidence for canabinoids for anxiety in companion animals?

114
Q

What are the 4 categories of abnormal repetitive behaviors (ARBs)?

A

Medical
Motivational
Stress
Pathology

115
Q

What is motivation in regards to ARBs?

A

The tendency or desire of an animal to perform a behavior

116
Q

Horse cribbing is likely due to motivation due to lack of fields to graze

117
Q

Does ARB bahviors make animals feel better?

A

Probably not but maybe

118
Q

What is disinhibition?

A

When an animal takes longer to stop, or doesnt stop a task after the reward is removed

119
Q

How do you treat medical ARBs?

A

Treat underlying condition

120
Q

How do you treat motivational ARBs?

A

Provide appropriate outlets for motivated behaviors

121
Q

How do you treat stress ARBs?

A

Identify and remove the source of stress

122
Q

How do you treat pathology ARBs?

A

Try all of the above plus SSRIs

123
Q

What happens if you simply stop cribbing with a mask?

A

Rebound cribbing where it gets worse!

124
Q

What is the common ARB of carnivores?

125
Q

What is the common ARB of ungulates?

A

Oral behaviors

126
Q

What is the common ARBs of rodents?

A

Gymnastics

127
Q

A larger home range is well correlated with stereotype frequency

128
Q

Gymnastics in mice thought to be driven by motivation to explore or escape/find shelter

129
Q

What is cognitive dysfunction syndrome/

A

Increasing brain pathology and gradual cognitive decline

130
Q

What are parts of brain histopathologies?

A

Amyloid beta plaques
Tau proteins

131
Q

Cognitive dysfunction is 2nd highest VIN cases of behavior

132
Q

What are predisposing factors for cognitive dysfunction syndrome?

A

BCS, physical activity, poor diet

133
Q

What does DISHAA stand for?

A

D = disorientation
I = social isolation
S = sleep/cycles
H = housesoiling
A = anxiety
A = Activity

134
Q

What is the most common presenting clinical sign of cognitive dysfunction sydrome?

A

Sleep Wake Cycle Changes

135
Q

Vocalizations are very common in older cats!

136
Q

What are the 3 pillars of every behavior case?

A

Physiology
Management
Training

137
Q

What are the 3 important monoamines to know?

A

Serotonin
Dopamine
Norepinephrine

138
Q

Quick acting drugs have more _____ effect on average

139
Q

what are the affects of serotonin?

A

Mood regulation, eating, sleep, dreaming, arousal impulse control

140
Q

What are the affects of dopamine?

A

Voluntary movement, attention, learning, reinforcement, planning, problem solving, appetite

141
Q

What drugs are dopamine?

A

Acepromazine
MAOI / Anipryl

142
Q

What are the 5 FDA-approved medications for dog behavior

A

Sileo (noise fear)
Clomicalm (separation anxiety)
Reconcile (separation anxiety)
Anipryl (canine cognitive dysfunction)
Pexion (noise aversion)

143
Q

What is the single FDA approved medication for cat behavior?

A

Bonqat (anxiety)

144
Q

What is the #1 side effect of trazdone

145
Q

What is Gaba used well for?

A

Chronic pain

146
Q

What is the most common side effect of benzodiazepines?

A

Agitation adn aggression

147
Q

*****AVOID ORAL BENZODIAZEPINES IN CAT

148
Q

*****WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON SIDE EFFECT OF PROZAC/FLUEXETINE?

A

INAPPETENCE!!

149
Q

What is the “bravery drug”

A

Buspar/buspirone

150
Q

How do MAOI work?

A

They break down the enzyme that breaks down serotonin

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