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Animal Biology > Musculoskeletal System🦷 > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal System🦷 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are three layers of skin

A
  1. Epidermis (waterproof, protects)
  2. Dermis (hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels and glands) - regulates body temperature
  3. Subcutaneous layer (fat for insulation)
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2
Q

What are horns and antlers made of

A

Antlers = bone
Horns= keratin

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3
Q

What are the names of the six types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Hinge
  2. Pivot
  3. Ball and socket
  4. Gliding
  5. Condyloid
  6. Saddle
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4
Q

What are the five types of bone?

A
  1. Long
  2. Short
  3. Flat
  4. Sesamoid
  5. Irregular
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5
Q

What are the names of the different types of joints?

A
  1. Fibrous joints
  2. Cartilaginous joints
  3. Synovial joints
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6
Q

What are the names of the different types of feathers?

A
  1. Down (soft and fluffy- insulate)
  2. Bristle (protect eyes and help funnel food to mouth)
  3. Contour (provides shape and colour)
  4. Flight (strength for flight)
  5. Semiplume (insulation)
  6. Filoplume (send messages to brain about feather alignment)
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7
Q

Name 3 musculoskeletal disorders

A
  1. Hip dysplasia
  2. Osteochondritis
  3. Osteoarthritis
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8
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Is the bones that make up the head and the trunk of the body

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9
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Consists of limbs that support the trunk (appendage bones)

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10
Q

What are the different types of locomotion

A
  1. Hopping/leaping- powerful rear limbs
  2. Gliding - lightweight skeleton
  3. Running- flexible spine
  4. Powered flight- honeycomb structure
  5. Climbing- opposable hands/feet, prehensile tail
  6. Swimming- caudal vertebrae to give a long tail for propulsion
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11
Q

What are the five functions of the skeleton?

A
  1. Support
  2. Protection
  3. Movement
  4. Blood production (produced in bone marrow)
  5. Storage of minerals
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12
Q

What are the names of different types of movement (bones)?

A

1.Flexion- reduces the angle between two bones
2.Extension- increases the angle of two bones
3.Abduction- moves away from the body
4.Adduction- moves towards the body
5.Rotation- joint can twist on its own axis
6.Gliding- surfaces of the joint slide over one another
7. Protraction- movement of the limb forward from the body
8. Retraction-movement of the limb back towards the body

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13
Q

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

A
  1. Skull
  2. Mandible
  3. Rib cage
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14
Q

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

A
  1. Femur
  2. Ulna
  3. Tarsals/Carpals
  4. Radius
  5. Tibia
  6. Humerus
  7. Metacarpals/metartasals
  8. Scapula
  9. Fibula
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15
Q

What are the four functions of muscles?

A
  1. Locomotion
  2. Organ movements
  3. Posture
  4. Heat generation
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16
Q

Define haematopoiesis

A
  1. Formation/production of blood cells
17
Q

What are ligaments

A
  1. Connects bone to bone
18
Q

What are tendons?

A
  1. Connect bone to muscle
19
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

A
  1. Strong bones
  2. Spongy bones
  3. Hard/ dense bones
20
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

A
  1. Hollow bones
  2. Lighter for flight
21
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  1. Protection (the body internal organs)
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Waterproof
  4. Camouflage
22
Q

Explain adaptations of the musculoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

A
  1. Hollow bones - reduce weight
  2. Fused bones - strength and support
  3. Large muscles - powered flight
23
Q

What are the adaptations of the rabbit’s skeleton that help it hop?

A
  1. Longer hind limbs
  2. Flexible spine
  3. Shorter forelimbs
24
Q

What is the function of ligaments

A
  1. Connects bone to bones to form a joint
25
Q

What is the function of tendons?

A
  1. Connect bones to muscles to allow movement
26
Q

What are two symptoms of hip dysplasia

A
  1. Loss of function in hind end
  2. Difficulty walking/running
27
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

A
  1. Spongy bones
  2. Strong bones
28
Q

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

A
  1. Honeycomb structure
  2. Hollow
29
Q

State the four functions of the skeletal system

A
  1. Movement
  2. Support
  3. Protection
  4. Mineral storage
30
Q

Give three functions of the integumentary system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Thermoregulation
  3. Waterproof
  4. Camouflage
31
Q

What are two adaptations of the musculoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

A
  1. Hollow bones to reduces weight
  2. Fused bones for strength and support
32
Q

What are two functions of feathers

A
  1. Courtship
  2. Camouflage
33
Q

Define sebaceous

A
  1. Oil glands
34
Q

Define eccrine

A
  1. Sweat glands
35
Q

What are the three types of exocrine glands in the dermis?

A
  1. Sweat- Sudoriferous glands (dogs and cats only active in foot pads)
  2. Waterproof and lubricate- sebaceous glands secrete sebum which waterproofs skin and lubricates hair
  3. Ear wax- ceruminous glands are found in external ear canal and secrete wax

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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