Musculoskeletal System🦷

Question 1

What are three layers of skin

Answer 1

1. Epidermis (waterproof, protects)
2. Dermis (hair follicles, nerves, blood vessels and glands) - regulates body temperature
3. Subcutaneous layer (fat for insulation)

Question 2

What are horns and antlers made of

Answer 2

Antlers = bone
Horns= keratin

Question 3

What are the names of the six types of synovial joints?

Answer 3

1. Hinge
2. Pivot
3. Ball and socket
4. Gliding
5. Condyloid
6. Saddle

Question 4

What are the five types of bone?

Answer 4

1. Long
2. Short
3. Flat
4. Sesamoid
5. Irregular

Question 5

What are the names of the different types of joints?

Answer 5

1. Fibrous joints
2. Cartilaginous joints
3. Synovial joints

Question 6

What are the names of the different types of feathers?

Answer 6

1. Down (soft and fluffy- insulate)
2. Bristle (protect eyes and help funnel food to mouth)
3. Contour (provides shape and colour)
4. Flight (strength for flight)
5. Semiplume (insulation)
6. Filoplume (send messages to brain about feather alignment)

Question 7

Name 3 musculoskeletal disorders

Answer 7

1. Hip dysplasia
2. Osteochondritis
3. Osteoarthritis

Question 8

What is the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

Is the bones that make up the head and the trunk of the body

Question 9

What is the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 9

Consists of limbs that support the trunk (appendage bones)

Question 10

What are the different types of locomotion

Answer 10

1. Hopping/leaping- powerful rear limbs
2. Gliding - lightweight skeleton
3. Running- flexible spine
4. Powered flight- honeycomb structure
5. Climbing- opposable hands/feet, prehensile tail
6. Swimming- caudal vertebrae to give a long tail for propulsion

Question 11

What are the five functions of the skeleton?

Answer 11

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Movement
4. Blood production (produced in bone marrow)
5. Storage of minerals

Question 12

What are the names of different types of movement (bones)?

Answer 12

1.Flexion- reduces the angle between two bones
2.Extension- increases the angle of two bones
3.Abduction- moves away from the body
4.Adduction- moves towards the body
5.Rotation- joint can twist on its own axis
6.Gliding- surfaces of the joint slide over one another
7. Protraction- movement of the limb forward from the body
8. Retraction-movement of the limb back towards the body

Question 13

What bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 13

1. Skull
2. Mandible
3. Rib cage

Question 14

What bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 14

1. Femur
2. Ulna
3. Tarsals/Carpals
4. Radius
5. Tibia
6. Humerus
7. Metacarpals/metartasals
8. Scapula
9. Fibula

Question 15

What are the four functions of muscles?

Answer 15

1. Locomotion
2. Organ movements
3. Posture
4. Heat generation

Question 16

Define haematopoiesis

Answer 16

1. Formation/production of blood cells

Question 17

What are ligaments

Answer 17

1. Connects bone to bone

Question 18

What are tendons?

Answer 18

1. Connect bone to muscle

Question 19

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

Answer 19

1. Strong bones
2. Spongy bones
3. Hard/ dense bones

Question 20

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

Answer 20

1. Hollow bones
2. Lighter for flight

Question 21

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

Answer 21

1. Protection (the body internal organs)
2. Thermoregulation
3. Waterproof
4. Camouflage

Question 22

Explain adaptations of the musculoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

Answer 22

1. Hollow bones - reduce weight
2. Fused bones - strength and support
3. Large muscles - powered flight

Question 23

What are the adaptations of the rabbit’s skeleton that help it hop?

Answer 23

1. Longer hind limbs
2. Flexible spine
3. Shorter forelimbs

Question 24

What is the function of ligaments

Answer 24

1. Connects bone to bones to form a joint

Question 25

What is the function of tendons?

Answer 25

1. Connect bones to muscles to allow movement

Question 26

What are two symptoms of hip dysplasia

Answer 26

1. Loss of function in hind end 2. Difficulty walking/running

Question 27

Describe the internal structure of bones in mammals

Answer 27

1. Spongy bones 2. Strong bones

Question 28

Describe the internal structure of bones in birds

Answer 28

1. Honeycomb structure 2. Hollow

Question 29

State the four functions of the skeletal system

Answer 29

1. Movement 2. Support 3. Protection 4. Mineral storage

Question 30

Give three functions of the integumentary system

Answer 30

1. Protection 2. Thermoregulation 3. Waterproof 4. Camouflage

Question 31

What are two adaptations of the musculoskeletal structure of a bird that make it able to fly

Answer 31

1. Hollow bones to reduces weight 2. Fused bones for strength and support

Question 32

What are two functions of feathers

Answer 32

1. Courtship 2. Camouflage

Question 33

Define sebaceous

Answer 33

1. Oil glands

Question 34

Define eccrine

Answer 34

1. Sweat glands

Question 35

What are the three types of exocrine glands in the dermis?

Answer 35

1. Sweat- Sudoriferous glands (dogs and cats only active in foot pads) 2. Waterproof and lubricate- sebaceous glands secrete sebum which waterproofs skin and lubricates hair 3. Ear wax- ceruminous glands are found in external ear canal and secrete wax