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Animal Biology > Mammalian Reproduction System🐾 > Flashcards

Mammalian Reproduction System🐾 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three layers that consists within the uterus?

A
  1. Perimetrium
  2. Myometrium
  3. Endometrium
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2
Q

What consists within the male reproductive system?

A
  1. Testes (where sperm is produced)
  2. Epididymis (where sperm mature and stored)
  3. Vas Deferens (tubes that carry sperm away from testes)
  4. Urethra (tubes that carry sperm/urine/semen out of body)
  5. Penis (semen and urine can pass through)
  6. Prostate gland (secretes fructose and enzymes to sperm which forms semen)
  7. Bulbus glandis (Erectile tissue)
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3
Q

What consists within the female reproductive system?

A
  1. Cervix- (protecting the tract from infection)
  2. Vagina- (produces acidic mucus to kill bacteria to fight infection)
  3. Oviducts- (where fertilisation occurs)
  4. Ovaries- (produces ova/oestrogen/progesterone)
  5. Vulva- (swells during oestrous)
  6. Uterus- (stretching to fit growing foetus)
  7. Uterine horn- (can allow for the development of several offspring at once)
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4
Q

What are the functions of female reproductive tract?

A
  1. Lactation- produce milk
  2. Birth- Expulsion of foetus
  3. Nourishment- housing and nourishment for fertilisation and embryo
  4. Ova- production of ova
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5
Q

What is Placenta?

A
  1. Temporary organ attached to uterus, develops with foetus
  2. Occurs when pregnancy is established
  3. Provide connection between foetus and maternal tissue to provide nutrition, respiration, protection and excretion
  4. Contains both foetal (from umbilical cord (from uterine wall) blood vessels
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6
Q

What is the uterus like in certain types of mammals?

A
  1. Duplex (Rabbit)
    • two uterine horns
    • two cervices
    • one vagina
  2. Bicornuate (pig,cat and dog)
    • two long uterine horns
    • common uterine body
    • one cervix
  3. Bipartite (cow)
    • small uterine horn
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7
Q

What is the function of the testes? - Male

A
  1. Where sperm is produced
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8
Q

What is the function of the Epididymis? -Male

A
  1. Where sperm is matured and stored
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9
Q

What is the function of the Vas Deferens?- Male

A
  1. Tubes that carry sperm away from the testes
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10
Q

What is the function of the urethra? -Male

A
  1. Tubes that carry sperm, urine and semen out of the body
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11
Q

What is the function of the penis? -Male

A
  1. Located on the outside of the body, semen and urine can pass through; containing three columns of erectile tissue
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12
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?- Male

A
  1. Adds secretions (fructose and enzymes) to the sperm to form semen
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13
Q

What is the function of the bulbus glandis? -Male

A
  1. Erectile tissue that swells up during copulation to lock the male to the female
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14
Q

What happens during Copus Cavernosum

A
  1. Penis fills with blood
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15
Q

What happens during Copus spongiosum?

A
  1. Prevents the collapse of the urethra during erection
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16
Q

What is the function of the cervix? -Female

A
  1. A muscular barrier sealing the uterus; maintaining a sterile environment and protecting the tract from infection
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17
Q

What is the function of the vagina? -Female

A
  1. Shaped to fit the penis during mating and produces acidic mucus to kill bacteria and prevent infection
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18
Q

What is the function of oviducts? -Female

A
  1. Known as a Fallopian tube; where fertilisation occurs
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19
Q

What is the function of ovaries? -Female

A
  1. Where ova are produced as well as oestrogen and progesterone
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20
Q

What is the function of the vulva? -Female

A
  1. External part of the tract; can swell during oestrous to show receptivity to the male (ready to mate)
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21
Q

What is the function of the uterus? -Female

A
  1. Thick muscular structure where the ovum implants; stretches to fit the growing foetus and contracts to expel at parturition
22
Q

What is the function of the Uterine Horn? -Female

A
  1. In some species, makes up part of the uterus and can allow for the development of several offspring at once
23
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A
  1. Perimetrium- (supports shape)
  2. Myometrium- (muscular layer which contracts)
  3. Endometrium- (Forms inner layer, where implantation occurs)
24
Q

What is the uterus like in a rabbit?

A
  1. Duplex:
    • Two uterine horns
    • Two cervices
    • One vagina
25
Q

What is the uterus like in a Pig, Cat and Dog?

A
  1. Bicornuate
    • Two long uterine horns
    • Common uterine body
    • One cervix
26
Q

What is the uterus like in a cow?

A
  1. Bipartite
    • Smaller uterine horn
27
Q

A Duplex uterus belongs to which animal?

A
  1. Rabbit
28
Q

A Bicornuate uterus belongs to which animal?

A
  1. Dog
  2. Cat
  3. Pig
29
Q

A Bipartite uterus belongs to which animal?

A
  1. Cow
30
Q

What is the os penis made of

A
  1. Bone
31
Q

What is the os penis also known as?

A
  1. Bacculum
32
Q

What is the function of the os penis

A
  1. Maintain erection during copulation in dogs and cats
33
Q

What is the order of the stages in reproduction

A
  1. Copulation
  2. Fertilisation
  3. Implantation
  4. Gestation
  5. Parturition
34
Q

What are the following species length of centric implantation:
1.Rabbit
2.Cat
3.Dog
4. Pig
5. Cattle

A
  1. Rabbit- 6.5 days
  2. Cats- 10-12 days
  3. Dog- 6-10 days
  4. Pig- 12-14 days
  5. Cattle- 30 days
35
Q

What is centric implantation?

A
  1. The length of time between fertilisation and implantation
36
Q

What is the gestation length of these species
1. Cat
2. Cow
3. Dog
4. Pig
5. Rabbit

A
  1. Cat- 61-72 days
  2. Cow- 279-287 days
  3. Dog- 58-70 days
  4. Pig- 114-115 days
  5. Rabbit- 30-32 days
37
Q

What is first milk called?

A
  1. Colostrum
38
Q

What is the function of the cervix?

A
  1. Provides protection for the reproductive system against infection
39
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  1. Where the fertilised egg implants, stretches to accommodate growth of the foetus, contracts to expel the foetus
40
Q

What type of uterus does a pig have?

A
  1. Bicornuate
41
Q

What are two functions of the female reproductive tract?

A
  1. Produce eggs
  2. Protects the developing foetus until birth
42
Q

Describe the three layers of the uterus

A
  1. Perimetrium- outer layer- supports the shape of the uterus
  2. Endometrium- forms the inner lining and where implantation takes place
  3. Myometrium- muscle layer- contracts
43
Q

Define fertilisation

A
  1. DNA from two gametes combines sperm and egg fuse
44
Q

Define implantation

A
  1. A fertilised egg attaches itself to the lining of the uterus
45
Q

Define gestation

A
  1. The length of time between conception and birth
46
Q

What is the length of the gestation period of a cow?

A
  1. 279-287 days
47
Q

What is the function of the epididymis?

A
  1. Sperm are matured and stored
48
Q

State two functions of the male reproductive system

A
  1. Produce and store sperm
  2. Release sperm into the female reproductive tract
49
Q

Explain the structure and function of the os penis

A
  1. Structure: Bone found is some species of mammal (e.g dogs and cats)
  2. Function: Used to maintain erection
50
Q

State three functions of the placenta

A
  1. Functions for respiration
  2. Functions for digestion
  3. Acts as an area for excretion

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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