Eukaryotic Cell Flashcards
What is the structure of a nucleus
- Enclosed by a membrane bound structure called a nuclear envelope
What is the function of a nucleus?
- Control centre of the cell and stores the cells’ DNA
What is the structure of a nucleolus
- A section of the nucleus that is made up of RNA and proteins
What is the function of the nucleolus
- The site of ribosomes and RNA production
What is the structure of the cell membrane?
- Made up of a lipid bilayer that is semipermeable
What is the function of the cell membrane?
- Regulates transports of materials entering and exiting the cell
What is the structure of mitochondria?
- Double membraned organelle, inner membrane is folded (squiggle). This is called Cristae
What is the function of mitochondria?
- The site of aerobic respiration, whereby ATP is produced
What is the structure of Rough ER
- Series of connected flattened sacs covered in ribosomes
What is the function of Rough ER?
- Main function is to produce and process proteins
What is the structure of Smooth ER?
- Long network of folded tube like sacs. Interior is called the lumen
What is the function of Smooth ER
- Main function is to produce, process and store lipids and steroids
What is the structure of the Golgi apparatus?
- Membrane bound organelle that has a unique stacked structure
What is the function of Golgi apparatus?
- Works with the ER to store and package proteins and lipids in vesicles for transport
What is the structure of lysosomes?
- Sphere shaped sacs filled with enzymes
What is the function of lysosomes?
- Digest waste and debris within the cell, also used to destroy viruses and bacteria
What is the structure of cilia?
- Microscopic hair like structures on the outside of the cell
What is the function of cilia?
- Locomotion of the cell itself or for fluid on the cell surface
What is the structure of the cytoskeleton?
- Filaments made of actin and microtubules
What is the function of cytoskeleton?
- Maintains the cells shape and organisation
What is the structure of ribosomes?
- Made up of RNA and proteins in a complex, made up of a large subunit and small subunit
What is the function of ribosomes?
- The site of protein synthesis in the cell
What is the structure of centrioles?
- Pairs of tubular shaped organelles made from a protein called Tubulin
What is the function of Centrioles?
- Assist with spindle formation that separate chromosomes during cell division
What is the structure of peroxisomes?
- Small round vesicles, containing oxidative enzymes
What is the function of a peroxisomes?
- Removal of toxic substances within the cell
What is the structure of cytoplasm?
- Gelatinous liquid that fills inside of the cell. It is composed of water, salts and various organic molecules
What is the function of cytoplasm?
- Medium for chemical reactions. Allows organelles to carry out functions
What is the structure of a flagellum?
- The only animal cell to have a flagellum is a sperm cell
What is the function of a flagellum?
- It is a microscopic appendage that helps cells to move e.g sperm cell can swim
