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Animal Biology > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe the function of the nucleus

A
  1. Contains the majority of the cells genetic material, DNA molecules and variety of proteins form chromosomes
  2. Nucleus controls the cell function, allowing the expression of genes for protein production
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2
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A
  1. Control centre
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3
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A
  1. The site for protein synthesis
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4
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A
  1. The site of cellular respiration
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5
Q

What is the function of SER

A
  1. The synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids
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6
Q

Give an example of a prokaryotic cell

A
  1. Bacteria
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7
Q

Describe osteogenesis in dogs

A
  1. Genetic mutation/inherited disease, caused by inbreeding
  2. Impairs the development of collogen/ causes brittle or weak bones/bone disformities
  3. Loose joins or hip displaysia/frequently or easily broken bones
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8
Q

Explain the process of endocytosis?

A
  1. The cell membrane engulfs particles or droplets so materials are taken into the cell➡️requires energy➡️active transport
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9
Q

Explain the process exocytosis

A
  1. Golgi complex/secretory vesicles,materials or enzymes are exported out of the cell➡️requires energy➡️active transport
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10
Q

State one function of the cytoskeleton

A
  1. Allows movement
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11
Q

Give two purposes of cell division

A
  1. Growth
  2. Repair
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12
Q

Explain one function of the mitochondria in the cell

A
  1. Produces ATP through respiration
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13
Q

Give two features of eukaryotic

A
  1. Have a nucleus
  2. Organelles are surrounded by a membrane
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14
Q

Give two features of a prokaryotic

A
  1. Do not contain a nucleus
  2. Do not contain membrane bound organelles
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15
Q

What’s the function of phospholipids

A
  1. Controls what enters and leaves the cell
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16
Q

What’s the function of integral protein?

A
  1. Transport of molecules in and out of the cells
17
Q

What’s the function of glycoproteins and glycolipids

A
  1. Cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors
18
Q

What’s the function of peripheral proteins

A
  1. Function as enzymes
19
Q

What’s the function of cholesterol

A
  1. Maintains stability of the cell
20
Q

Explain the structure of phospholipids

A
  1. Hydrophillic heads that are attached to water
  2. Hydrophobic tails that repel water
  3. Form a bilayer
21
Q

Name three types of stain to view an animals cell more clearly

A
  1. Gram staining
  2. Eosin
  3. Iodine
22
Q

Name two types of active transport used in cells

A
  1. Endocytosis and exocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
23
Q

Explain the structure and functions of ATP and how they assist sodium potassium pumps

A
  1. ATP is a nucleotide
  2. ATP is converted to ADP which releases energy in an inorganic phosphate molecule
  3. Energy is then used for cell processes such as muscle contraction
  4. Sodium potassium pumps bind three sodium ions and one ATP molecule
  5. ATP is split to provide energy
  6. Energy changes shape of the channel
  7. Sodium ions are then driven through the channel
  8. Sodium ions are released on the outside of the membrane and potassium ions are allowed to bind
  9. The phosphate is released which allows the channel to revert to its original form
  10. Potassium ions are released on the inside of the membrane
24
Q

Discuss the structure of DNA and how it codes for amino acids

A
  1. A double helix formed by nucleotides
  2. Made up of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine)
  3. Attached to sugar-phosphate bone
  4. Base pairs: A with T and C with G
  5. Each base contains nitrogen
  6. Genes are short sections of DNA that carry the genetic code for characteristics
  7. A triplex structure of bases in a gene codes of amino acids
  8. The sequence of bases codes of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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