Cells Flashcards
Describe the function of the nucleus
- Contains the majority of the cells genetic material, DNA molecules and variety of proteins form chromosomes
- Nucleus controls the cell function, allowing the expression of genes for protein production
What is the function of the nucleus
- Control centre
What is the function of ribosomes?
- The site for protein synthesis
What is the function of mitochondria?
- The site of cellular respiration
What is the function of SER
- The synthesis and transport of lipids and steroids
Give an example of a prokaryotic cell
- Bacteria
Describe osteogenesis in dogs
- Genetic mutation/inherited disease, caused by inbreeding
- Impairs the development of collogen/ causes brittle or weak bones/bone disformities
- Loose joins or hip displaysia/frequently or easily broken bones
Explain the process of endocytosis?
- The cell membrane engulfs particles or droplets so materials are taken into the cell➡️requires energy➡️active transport
Explain the process exocytosis
- Golgi complex/secretory vesicles,materials or enzymes are exported out of the cell➡️requires energy➡️active transport
State one function of the cytoskeleton
- Allows movement
Give two purposes of cell division
- Growth
- Repair
Explain one function of the mitochondria in the cell
- Produces ATP through respiration
Give two features of eukaryotic
- Have a nucleus
- Organelles are surrounded by a membrane
Give two features of a prokaryotic
- Do not contain a nucleus
- Do not contain membrane bound organelles
What’s the function of phospholipids
- Controls what enters and leaves the cell
What’s the function of integral protein?
- Transport of molecules in and out of the cells
What’s the function of glycoproteins and glycolipids
- Cell recognition, cell signalling and receptors
What’s the function of peripheral proteins
- Function as enzymes
What’s the function of cholesterol
- Maintains stability of the cell
Explain the structure of phospholipids
- Hydrophillic heads that are attached to water
- Hydrophobic tails that repel water
- Form a bilayer
Name three types of stain to view an animals cell more clearly
- Gram staining
- Eosin
- Iodine
Name two types of active transport used in cells
- Endocytosis and exocytosis
- Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
Explain the structure and functions of ATP and how they assist sodium potassium pumps
- ATP is a nucleotide
- ATP is converted to ADP which releases energy in an inorganic phosphate molecule
- Energy is then used for cell processes such as muscle contraction
- Sodium potassium pumps bind three sodium ions and one ATP molecule
- ATP is split to provide energy
- Energy changes shape of the channel
- Sodium ions are then driven through the channel
- Sodium ions are released on the outside of the membrane and potassium ions are allowed to bind
- The phosphate is released which allows the channel to revert to its original form
- Potassium ions are released on the inside of the membrane
Discuss the structure of DNA and how it codes for amino acids
- A double helix formed by nucleotides
- Made up of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine)
- Attached to sugar-phosphate bone
- Base pairs: A with T and C with G
- Each base contains nitrogen
- Genes are short sections of DNA that carry the genetic code for characteristics
- A triplex structure of bases in a gene codes of amino acids
- The sequence of bases codes of the amino acids in a polypeptide chain
