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Hormones (Reproductive System) Flashcards

1
Q

Where Gondotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by hypothalamus
Function: stimulates the production of LH and FSH

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2
Q

Where is Oestrogen secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovary (follicle)
Function: Rebuilds the uterine lining, stimulates release of LH

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3
Q

Where is Progesterone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovary (corpus luteum)
Function: inhibits the production of FSH, maintaining the line of uterus

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4
Q

Where is Luteinising Hormone (LH) secreted and its functions?

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary gland
Function: stimulates ovulation and production of corpus luteum

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5
Q

Where is Testosterone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by testis
Function: stimulates the development of male characteristics

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6
Q

Where is Androgen- binding hormone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by seminiferous tubules
Function: maintains high levels of testosterone

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7
Q

Where is Prostaglands secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by most cells- including uterus and Copus luteum
Function: Aid with uterine contractions (blood clotting)

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8
Q

Where is Oxytocin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by posterior pituitary gland
Function: stimulates uterine contractions
(Let down of milk for lactation)

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9
Q

Where is Cortisol secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by adrenal gland
Function: ‘stress hormone’ linked to increased maternal interest in offspring

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10
Q

Where is Prolactin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pituitary gland
Function stimulates lactation (production of milk)

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11
Q

Where is Insulin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pancreas
Function: reduces blood glucose

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12
Q

Where is Glucagon secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pancreas
Function increases blood glucose

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13
Q

Where is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovaries
Function: produces follicle ready for egg to be released

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14
Q

Where is Antidiuretic hormone ADH secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by hypothalamus
Function: controls osmoregulation

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15
Q

Where is Relaxin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovaries
Function: relaxes the pelvis ligaments and opens birth canal

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16
Q

What hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during parturition

A
  1. Oxytocin
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17
Q

Name the hormone important in rebuilding the uterine lining

A
  1. Oestrogen
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18
Q

State how the following hormones change when an animal is giving birth:
1. Oestrogen
2. Oxytocin
3. Progesterone
4. Prostaglandin

A
  1. Oestrogen- increases
  2. Oxytocin- increases
  3. Progesterone- decreases
  4. Prostaglandin- increases
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19
Q

What is a hormone?

A
  1. Chemical messenger
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20
Q

What is the function of oestrogen

A
  1. Rebuilds the uterine lining after menstruation
  2. Stimulates reproductive behaviours
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21
Q

Where is GnRH secreted

A
  1. Hypothalamus
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22
Q

What does spermatogenesis

A
  1. (Genesis) -creation
  2. In male mammals, sperm are created continuously
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23
Q

What does oogenesis mean?

A
  1. (Oo)- ovum
  2. In females, ova are produced as part of the menstrual/oestrous cycle
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24
Q

What does gametogenesis mean?

A
  1. The formation of gametes (ovum and sperm) is controlled by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)
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25
What is the function of cortisol?
1. The “stress hormone”- maternal instinct
26
What is the function of oxytocin?
1. Stimulates uterine contractions and the let-down of milk
27
What is the function of testostrone?
1. Make male characteristics 2. Production of sperm
28
What is the function of LH?
1. Stimulates ovulation
29
What is the function of progesterone?
1. Maintains the lining of the uterus to sustain pregnancy 2. Inhibits the production of FSH 3. Inhibits GnRH
30
Where is insulin secreted?
1. The pancreas
31
What is the function of insulin?
1. Reduces blood glucose
32
Where is glucagon secreted?
1. The pancreas
33
What is the function of glucagon?
1. Increases blood glucose
34
Where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted?
1. The ovaries
35
What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?
1. Produces follicle ready for egg to be released
36
Where is ADH secreted?
1. The hypothalamus
37
What is the function of ADH?
1. Controls osmoregulation
38
Where is cortisol secreted?
1. Adrenal gland
39
What is the function of cortisol?
1. ‘Stress hormone’ linked to increased maternal interest in offspring
40
Where is oxytocin secreted?
1. Posterior pituitary gland
41
What is the function of oxytocin?
1. Stimulates the uterine contractions (let-down of milk for lactation)
42
Where is prostaglandins secreted?
1. Most cells- including uterus and corpus luteum
43
What is the function of prostaglandins
1. Aid with uterine contractions (blood clotting)
44
Where is androgen-binding hormone secreted?
1. Semiferous tubules
45
What is the function of the androgen-binding hormone?
1. Maintains high levels of testosterone
46
Where is testostrone secreted?
1. Testis
47
What is the function of testosterone?
1. Stimulates the development of male characteristics
48
Where is luteinising hormone (LH) secreted?
1. Anterior pituitary gland
49
What is the function of luteinising hormone (LH)
1. Stimulates ovulation and production of corpus luteum
50
Where is Progesterone secreted?
1. Ovary (corpus luteum)
51
What is the function of progesterone?
1. Inhibits the the production of FSH 2. Maintaining the line of the uterus
52
Where is oestrogen secreted?
1. Ovary (follicle)
53
What is the function of oestrogen?
1. Rebuilds the uterine lining, stimulates the release of LH
54
Where is Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secreted?
1. Hypothalamus
55
What is the function of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
1. Stimulates the production of LH and FSH
56
Where is oestrogen produced?
1. Ovaries
57
Where is Progesterone produced?
1. Corpus luterum/ovaries/placenta
58
Where is androgen-binding hormone produced?
1. Seminiferous tubules
59
Where is oxytocin produced?
1. Hypothalamus
60
What is the corpus luteum?
1. A sac of cells remaining after the ova has been released, during ovulation
61
Describe the milk-let down process
1. Prolactin triggers the mammary glands, stimulates lactation 2. Oxytocin releases milk, and is stimulated by sucking
62
Explain the roles of hormones during parturition
1. Progesterone levels decrease, allowing other hormones to act on the uterus 2. Oestrogen levels rise, oxytocin levels rise, leading to uterine contractions and cervical softening 3. Relaxin is secreted by the ovaries, relaxing pelvic muscles and opening the birth canal 4. Oestrogen and progesterone levels drop, allowing prolactin to be secreted which triggers lactation
63
What is the role of Gonadotropin Releasing hormone?
1. Controls other reproductive hormones
64
What is the role of progesterone?
1. Maintains the lining of the uterus ready for a fertilised egg
65
What is the role of cortisol?
1. Linked to maternal intress in offspring
66
What is the role of oestrogen?
1. Builds up/thickens the uterine lining allows implantation
67
What is the role of oxytocin?
1. Stimulated by suckling allow release of milk/let-down reflex
68
Explain the function of two hormones that stimulate sperm production
1. Follicle stimulating hormone- stimulates the production of androgen l-binding protein and formation of blood-testis barrier 2. Testosterone- development of male reproductive tissues- testis and prostate, promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass. Stimulates Sertoli cells to produce inhibin
69
State the change in the level of each of the following hormones immediately after ovulation 1. LH 2. FSH 3. Oestrogen 4. Progesterone
1. LH-Decrease 2. FSH-Decrease 3. Oestrogen-Decrease 4. Progesterone-Increase
70
State how the levels of the following hormones change when an animal is giving birth 1. Oestrogen 2. Oxytocin 3. Progesterone 4. Prostaglandins
1. Oestrogen-Increase 2. Oxytocin-Increase 2.Progesterone-Decrease 3.Prostaglandins-Increase
71
What are the male hormones?
1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) 2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 3. Testosterone 4. Androgen binding hormone 5. Inhibin 6. Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
72
What are the female hormones?
1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) 2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) 3. Luteinising hormone (LH) 4. Oestrogen 5. Progesterone 6. Oxytocin 7. Prostaglandins 8. Prolactin

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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