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Hormones (Reproductive System) Flashcards

1
Q

Where Gondotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by hypothalamus
Function: stimulates the production of LH and FSH

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2
Q

Where is Oestrogen secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovary (follicle)
Function: Rebuilds the uterine lining, stimulates release of LH

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3
Q

Where is Progesterone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovary (corpus luteum)
Function: inhibits the production of FSH, maintaining the line of uterus

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4
Q

Where is Luteinising Hormone (LH) secreted and its functions?

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary gland
Function: stimulates ovulation and production of corpus luteum

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5
Q

Where is Testosterone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by testis
Function: stimulates the development of male characteristics

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6
Q

Where is Androgen- binding hormone secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by seminiferous tubules
Function: maintains high levels of testosterone

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7
Q

Where is Prostaglands secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by most cells- including uterus and Copus luteum
Function: Aid with uterine contractions (blood clotting)

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8
Q

Where is Oxytocin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by posterior pituitary gland
Function: stimulates uterine contractions
(Let down of milk for lactation)

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9
Q

Where is Cortisol secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by adrenal gland
Function: ‘stress hormone’ linked to increased maternal interest in offspring

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10
Q

Where is Prolactin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pituitary gland
Function stimulates lactation (production of milk)

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11
Q

Where is Insulin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pancreas
Function: reduces blood glucose

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12
Q

Where is Glucagon secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by pancreas
Function increases blood glucose

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13
Q

Where is Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovaries
Function: produces follicle ready for egg to be released

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14
Q

Where is Antidiuretic hormone ADH secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by hypothalamus
Function: controls osmoregulation

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15
Q

Where is Relaxin secreted and its functions

A

Secreted by ovaries
Function: relaxes the pelvis ligaments and opens birth canal

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16
Q

What hormone is responsible for uterine contractions during parturition

A
  1. Oxytocin
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17
Q

Name the hormone important in rebuilding the uterine lining

A
  1. Oestrogen
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18
Q

State how the following hormones change when an animal is giving birth:
1. Oestrogen
2. Oxytocin
3. Progesterone
4. Prostaglandin

A
  1. Oestrogen- increases
  2. Oxytocin- increases
  3. Progesterone- decreases
  4. Prostaglandin- increases
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19
Q

What is a hormone?

A
  1. Chemical messenger
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20
Q

What is the function of oestrogen

A
  1. Rebuilds the uterine lining after menstruation
  2. Stimulates reproductive behaviours
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21
Q

Where is GnRH secreted

A
  1. Hypothalamus
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22
Q

What does spermatogenesis

A
  1. (Genesis) -creation
  2. In male mammals, sperm are created continuously
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23
Q

What does oogenesis mean?

A
  1. (Oo)- ovum
  2. In females, ova are produced as part of the menstrual/oestrous cycle
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24
Q

What does gametogenesis mean?

A
  1. The formation of gametes (ovum and sperm) is controlled by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH)
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25
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A
  1. The “stress hormone”- maternal instinct
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26
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A
  1. Stimulates uterine contractions and the let-down of milk
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27
Q

What is the function of testostrone?

A
  1. Make male characteristics
  2. Production of sperm
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28
Q

What is the function of LH?

A
  1. Stimulates ovulation
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29
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A
  1. Maintains the lining of the uterus to sustain pregnancy
  2. Inhibits the production of FSH
  3. Inhibits GnRH
30
Q

Where is insulin secreted?

A
  1. The pancreas
31
Q

What is the function of insulin?

A
  1. Reduces blood glucose
32
Q

Where is glucagon secreted?

A
  1. The pancreas
33
Q

What is the function of glucagon?

A
  1. Increases blood glucose
34
Q

Where is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secreted?

A
  1. The ovaries
35
Q

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?

A
  1. Produces follicle ready for egg to be released
36
Q

Where is ADH secreted?

A
  1. The hypothalamus
37
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A
  1. Controls osmoregulation
38
Q

Where is cortisol secreted?

A
  1. Adrenal gland
39
Q

What is the function of cortisol?

A
  1. ‘Stress hormone’ linked to increased maternal interest in offspring
40
Q

Where is oxytocin secreted?

A
  1. Posterior pituitary gland
41
Q

What is the function of oxytocin?

A
  1. Stimulates the uterine contractions (let-down of milk for lactation)
42
Q

Where is prostaglandins secreted?

A
  1. Most cells- including uterus and corpus luteum
43
Q

What is the function of prostaglandins

A
  1. Aid with uterine contractions (blood clotting)
44
Q

Where is androgen-binding hormone secreted?

A
  1. Semiferous tubules
45
Q

What is the function of the androgen-binding hormone?

A
  1. Maintains high levels of testosterone
46
Q

Where is testostrone secreted?

47
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A
  1. Stimulates the development of male characteristics
48
Q

Where is luteinising hormone (LH) secreted?

A
  1. Anterior pituitary gland
49
Q

What is the function of luteinising hormone (LH)

A
  1. Stimulates ovulation and production of corpus luteum
50
Q

Where is Progesterone secreted?

A
  1. Ovary (corpus luteum)
51
Q

What is the function of progesterone?

A
  1. Inhibits the the production of FSH
  2. Maintaining the line of the uterus
52
Q

Where is oestrogen secreted?

A
  1. Ovary (follicle)
53
Q

What is the function of oestrogen?

A
  1. Rebuilds the uterine lining, stimulates the release of LH
54
Q

Where is Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) secreted?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
55
Q

What is the function of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A
  1. Stimulates the production of LH and FSH
56
Q

Where is oestrogen produced?

57
Q

Where is Progesterone produced?

A
  1. Corpus luterum/ovaries/placenta
58
Q

Where is androgen-binding hormone produced?

A
  1. Seminiferous tubules
59
Q

Where is oxytocin produced?

A
  1. Hypothalamus
60
Q

What is the corpus luteum?

A
  1. A sac of cells remaining after the ova has been released, during ovulation
61
Q

Describe the milk-let down process

A
  1. Prolactin triggers the mammary glands, stimulates lactation
  2. Oxytocin releases milk, and is stimulated by sucking
62
Q

Explain the roles of hormones during parturition

A
  1. Progesterone levels decrease, allowing other hormones to act on the uterus
  2. Oestrogen levels rise, oxytocin levels rise, leading to uterine contractions and cervical softening
  3. Relaxin is secreted by the ovaries, relaxing pelvic muscles and opening the birth canal
  4. Oestrogen and progesterone levels drop, allowing prolactin to be secreted which triggers lactation
63
Q

What is the role of Gonadotropin Releasing hormone?

A
  1. Controls other reproductive hormones
64
Q

What is the role of progesterone?

A
  1. Maintains the lining of the uterus ready for a fertilised egg
65
Q

What is the role of cortisol?

A
  1. Linked to maternal intress in offspring
66
Q

What is the role of oestrogen?

A
  1. Builds up/thickens the uterine lining allows implantation
67
Q

What is the role of oxytocin?

A
  1. Stimulated by suckling allow release of milk/let-down reflex
68
Q

Explain the function of two hormones that stimulate sperm production

A
  1. Follicle stimulating hormone- stimulates the production of androgen l-binding protein and formation of blood-testis barrier
  2. Testosterone- development of male reproductive tissues- testis and prostate, promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle and bone mass. Stimulates Sertoli cells to produce inhibin
69
Q

State the change in the level of each of the following hormones immediately after ovulation
1. LH
2. FSH
3. Oestrogen
4. Progesterone

A
  1. LH-Decrease
  2. FSH-Decrease
  3. Oestrogen-Decrease
  4. Progesterone-Increase
70
Q

State how the levels of the following hormones change when an animal is giving birth
1. Oestrogen
2. Oxytocin
3. Progesterone
4. Prostaglandins

A
  1. Oestrogen-Increase
  2. Oxytocin-Increase
    2.Progesterone-Decrease
    3.Prostaglandins-Increase
71
Q

What are the male hormones?

A
  1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH)
  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  3. Testosterone
  4. Androgen binding hormone
  5. Inhibin
  6. Interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
72
Q

What are the female hormones?

A
  1. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
  2. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
  3. Luteinising hormone (LH)
  4. Oestrogen
  5. Progesterone
  6. Oxytocin
  7. Prostaglandins
  8. Prolactin

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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