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Animal Biology > Avian Reproductive System🐣 > Flashcards

Avian Reproductive System🐣 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a Phallus?

A
  1. A copulatory organ (penis-like) which fills with lymph during mating to allow semen to be deposited into the female
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2
Q

What is a Papilae?

A
  1. Organ in the wall of the cloaca that emits semen in the cloaca of the female
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3
Q

What are androgens?

A
  1. Male sex hormones produced by the testes
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4
Q

What are the five sections within the oviduct? (Female)

A
  1. Infundibulum
  2. Magnum
  3. Isthmus
  4. Uterus
  5. Cloaca
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5
Q

What is the function of the Infundibulum?

A
  1. Receives egg and where fermentation takes place
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6
Q

What is the function of the magnum?

A
  1. Secretes albumen
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7
Q

What is the function of the Isthmus?

A
  1. Adds the shell membrane
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8
Q

What is the function of the uterus?

A
  1. Secretes shell and pigment
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9
Q

What is the function of the cloaca?

A
  1. Where the egg and waste leave the body
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10
Q

What does the male reproductive system consist of?

A
  1. Testes- (located in the abdominal cavity)
  2. Epididymis- (where sperm is stored)
  3. Vas Deferens- (Transport sperm)
  4. Papillae- (emits semen into cloaca)
  5. Cloaca- (passageway)
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11
Q

What does the avian egg consist of?

A
  1. Albumen- (‘egg white’)
  2. Shell- (gas exchange)
  3. Inner and outer shell membrane- (protection against bacteria)
  4. Yolk- (nutrients)
  5. Chalaza- (stands that holds yolk)
  6. Air cell- (gaseous exchange)
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12
Q

What are incubation periods for certain types of avian species?

A
  1. Pheasant - (23-24 days)
  2. Duck- (28 days)
  3. Chicken- (21 days)
  4. Barn owl - (31 days)
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13
Q

What can egg production be affected by?

A
  1. Photoperiods
  2. Diet
  3. Moulting
  4. Food availability
  5. Temperature
  6. Health
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14
Q

Explain the function of the yolk

A
  1. Provide nutrients for the developing embryo
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15
Q

Explain the function of the albumen

A
  1. Additional nutrition to support the growth of the embryo
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16
Q

Describe how photoperiod affects egg production in chickens

A
  1. Reduced daylight- reduces egg production
  2. Increased daylight- increases egg production
  3. Increased levels of hormones- stimulates egg released
17
Q

Explain one role of extraembryonic membranes in an egg

A
  1. Yolk sac- used as a food source for the embryo
  2. Amnion- forms a sac which protects the embryo
18
Q

How many functional ovaries does an adult female chicken have?

A
  1. One
19
Q

Name the parts of the avian Oviduct

A
  1. Infundibulum- receives egg where fertilisation takes place
  2. Magnum- secretes albumen
  3. Isthmus- adds the shell membrane
  4. Uterus- secretes the shell and pigment
  5. Cloaca- where the egg and waste leave the body
20
Q

Where is the site of fertilisation in a chicken?

A
  1. Infundibulum
21
Q

Explain four factors that affect egg production in chickens

A
  1. Availability of light (photoperiod)
  2. Diet (poor nutrition)
  3. Age (egg production may slow down with age)
  4. Housing (temperature and health)
22
Q

What are the components within the avian egg and structure ?

A
  1. Chalaza- (spiral strands that hold the yolk in place)
  2. Inner and outer membrane- (made of proteins)
  3. Yolk - (nutrition as the embryo forms)
  4. Air cell- (A gap between the shell membranes)
  5. Shell- (made of calcium and protects)
  6. Albumen - (‘egg white’)
23
Q

What happens during the cloacal kiss?

A
  1. The male and female both possess a cloaca
  2. During cloacal copulation, the two are pressed together to allow the passing of sperm to the female tract
24
Q

What are the structures within the avian egg?

A
  1. Chalaza- (spiral strands that hold the yolk in place)
  2. Inner and outer membranes- (made of protein between the shell and albumen, effective defence against bacteria)
  3. Yolk- (yellow part of the egg; provide food and nutrition as the embryo forms)
  4. Air cell- (gap located between the shell membranes)
  5. Shell- (made of calcium carbonate, designed to protect the developing chick, stops toxins from entering shell, semi permable to allow gas exchange)
  6. Albumen- (known as ‘egg white’ and contains a variety of different proteins)
25
Q

What are the structures within the extra embryonic membrane?

A
  1. Chorion- (surrounds the egg and allows for gaseous exchange)
  2. Allantois- (develops a large circulatory system which allows for respiratory, excretory and digestive function)
  3. Yolk sac- (used as a food source for the embryo but also the chicken after hatching)
  4. Amnion- (forms a sac which protects the embryo and holds the amniotic fluid acting as a shock absorber)
26
Q

Name the part of the avian oviduct with their times

A
  1. Infundibulum- (15 mins)
  2. Magnum- (3 hrs)
  3. Isthmus- (1 hr)
  4. Uterus- (21hrs)
  5. Cloaca- (1 min)
27
Q

Explain how the egg is formed through each stage of the oviduct

A
  1. The yolk (ovum) is released from the ovary into the Infundibulum
  2. The ovary spends 15 minutes in the Infundibulum, where it is fertilised by sperm if the female has mates
  3. The fertilised (or unfertilised) ovum moves into the magnum, where the albumen is deposited and layered over the yolk in approximately 3 hours
  4. Inner and outer shell membranes are then added in the isthmus where the egg stays around for an hour
28
Q

What is the role of the yolk?

A
  1. Provides a food source for the developing embryo
29
Q

What is the role of the albumen?

A
  1. Additional nutrition to support the growth of the embryo
30
Q

Describe how photoperiod affects egg production in chickens

A
  1. Reduced daylight leads to reduced egg production
  2. Increased daylight leads to increased egg production

Animal Biology (43 decks)

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