Musculoskeletal Drugs Flashcards
What is a neurotransmitter junction?
Where motor nerve fiber connects to muscle
What inactivates acetylcholine?
Acetylcholinesterase
What do neuromuscular blocking agents do?
Paralyze muscles by disrupting the transmission of nerve impulses from motor nerves to skeletal muscle fibers
What do primary myopathies affect and what are clinical signs?
Sarcolemma and/or muscle fibers.
Complete paralysis, paresis, or ataxia
Wht do anti-inflammatory drugs do?
Reduce pain, inflammation, redness, swelling and heat
What is a naturally anti-inflammatory chemical?
Glucocorticoids
Once competitive nonpolarizer drugs aren’t needed, what must be given to reverse it?
Antidote
What is another word for competitive nonpolarizers?
Neuro muscular blocker
Which neuromuscular blocker can be used in kidney disease and has little cardiovascular effects?
Atracurium
Which antidote competes with ACh for aChE?
Neostigmine
Which antidote is used to diagnose myasthenia gravis and is very short acting?
Edrophonium
What do antidotes, or anti cholinesterase agents, do?
Competes with ACh for AChE to allow more ACh into the muscle site and reverse the competitive nonpolarizer
What is another name for a depolarizing drug?
Noncompetitive neuromuscular blocker
Name a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker drug
Succinylcholine
What are adverse effects of AChE drugs?
SLUDDE
What do neuromuscular blockers not do? What are adverse effects?
Provide analgesia or sedation
Respiratory paralysis and/or cardiac collapse
What is Guifenesin used for? What does it not effect?
Adjunct in anesthesia mainly in horses. Does not effect diaphragm or respiratory function.
What do spasmolytics do?
Treat acute episodes of muscular spasticity associated with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders
What does Diazepam do?
Increases turnover of ACh in the brain, is a centrally acting muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant and anxiolytic
Which drug is used to prevent and treat malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What drug is used to treat postanesthetic myositis in horses and treat urethral obstruction in dogs & cats?
Dantrolene
What is methocarbomol for?
Adjunctive therapy for inflammatory and traumatic conditions of skeletal muscle and reduce muscle spasms. It is a centrally acting relaxant and does not decrease muscle tone.
Name a spasmolytic drug
Methocarbomol
Which drug inhibits calcium release from the muscle?
Dantrolene
How is ACh normally deactivated at the neuromuscular junction?
It is inactivated by AChE
What neuromuscular blocker drug has a lower potency in horses?
Vecuronium
Name 2 neuromuscular blocker drugs
Atracurium and Vecuronium
What is another term for neuromuscular blockers?
Curarizing agents
Name 3 antidote drugs
Neostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Edrophonium
What drug is used to treat rumen atony?
Neostigmine
Which drug has a long duration of action than Neostigmine and comes in tablet form?
Pyridoxine
Which depolarizing neuromuscular blocker drug doesnt need an antidote?
Succinylcholine
What do depolarizing neuromuscular blockers do?
Mimic the action of Ach in the muscle fibers, prolonging their action because they aren’t destroyed by AChE
What may methocarbomol cause?
Darker urine
What are anabolic steroids used for?
Promote growth, counteract postop debility, treats muscular atrophy and orthopedic conditions
Why should Guifanesin be diluted to 5%?
To avoid thrombophlebitis and RBC hemolysis
