Fluid therapy And Emergency Drugs Flashcards
What are the primary ions in the body?
Sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate
What is an electrolyte?
Substances that split into ions when placed in water
What is osmotic pressure?
Pressure or force that develops when 2 solutions of different concentrations are separated by a selectively permeable membrane
Extracellular fluid shifts between,,:
The intravascular and interstitial space to maintain fluid balance
What are colloids?
Nondiffusable substances
What are crystalloids?
Diffusable substances that dissolve in solution
An isotonic solution has:
The same osmotic pressure as blood and Extracellular water
A hypertonic solution:
Has osmolality higher than that of blood, causing RBC to shrink
A hypotonic solution:
Has osmolality lower than that of blood, so RBC swell
Name 3 isotonic crystalloids and what they’re for
0.9% sodium chloride (used to expand plasma volume), LRS, Normosol
Name 2 hypotonic crystalloids
5% dextrose in water and 0.9% normal saline with 5% dextrose
Name 3 natural colloids
Plasma, albumin, whole blood
Which natural colloid can be frozen?
Plasma
What is plasma for?
Aid in liver dz or coagulation factor deficiency
Name 2 synthetic colloids
Hetastarch and Dextrans
What is hetastarch for?
Treat hypovolemic shock and hypoproteinemia
What is normal serum potassium?
3.5-5.5 mEq/L
Which 2 drug categories will alter fluid and electrolyte requirements?
Diuretics and glucocorticoids
Give examples of sensible losses
Urine and feces
Give examples of Insensible losses
Sweat, ventilation, mm evaporation
How do you calculate maintenance fluid requirements?
Multiply weight in kg to maintenance dose at ml/kg/day
How do you calculate dehydration?
Multiply dehydration percent by kg, convert to ml then add to maintenance
How much does an adult administration set give?
15 gtt/ml
How much does a pediatric administration set give?
60 gtt/ml
How can you tell if there’s fluid overload?
Increased serous secretions and harsh, lung sounds
Name 3 reversal agents and what they reverse
Atipamezole, reverses A2 agonists
Flumazenil reverse benzodiazepines
Naloxone reverses opioids
Give an example of an antiarrhythmic drug
Lidocaine
