GI Drugs Flashcards
What are antisialogues?
Drugs that stop salivation
Name 2 antisialogue drugs
Glycopyrrolate and Atropine
What are adverse effects of antisialogues?
Constipation, CNS stimulation, tachycardia, dry mucus membranes, urine retention and mydriasis
Which antisialogue is better in pregnant animals?
Glycopyrrolate
Which group of drugs are used to treat tenesmus and diarrhea?
Anticholinergics
Name 3 antidiarrhetics
Atropine, aminopentamide, propantheline
What is propantheline used fo?
In tablete, treats GI spasms and hyper secretion associated with colitis and IBS in dogs/cats, reduce rectal contractions in horses
What is Aminopentamide used for?
Acute abdominal spasm in dogs and cats
Which drug is used to treat spasmodic or flatulent colic or simple impactions in horses?
N-butylscopolammonium or Buscopan
What do protectants and absorbants do?
Coat inflamed intestinal mucosa or bunds bacteria, digestive enzymes or toxins to protect intestinal mucosa
Name 4 Protectant and absorbant drugs
Bismuth subsalicylate, Kaolin/Pectin, Activated charcoal and DTO smectite
What does bismuth subsalicylate do?
Bismuth portion coats intestinal mucosa and has anti inflammatory and weak antibacterial properties. The subsalicylate portion is anti inflammatory because it reduces prostaglandins. Is an aspirin product. Can blacken stool and cause opacities on radiographs
What does Kaolin/Pectin do?
Kaolin, a mineral and pectin, a polysaccharide, improves the appearance of feces but doesn’t reduce fluid loss from diarrhea.
What is activated charcoal used for?
Binds to toxins to prevent them from being absorbed into the intestines.
What does DTO smectite do?
A natural clay mineral used mainly in adult horses and foals to prevent postoperative diarrhea associated with colic or antibiotic induced colitis. In small animals has been used to treat endotoxemis, enteritis, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, acute and chronic diarrhea, parvovirus and food allergies. Binds to and neutralizes toxins produced by Clostridium.
Which nonanesthetic opioids are used to reduce gut motility?
Diphenoxylate and Loperamide
What are adverse effects of Diphnoxylate and Loperamide?
CNS depression, excitement in cats and horses, ileus, urinary retention, bloat and constipation with prolonged use.
What drug is added to diphenoxylate to make it a class 5 drug?
Atropine
How might probiotics need to be stored?
Refrigeration
Which antibiotic drug is effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa such as Giardia?
Metronidazole
What’s the difference between laxatives and cathartics?
Cathartics are harsher laxatives that result in soft to watery stool and abdominal cramping
Name 4 categories of laxatives
Osmotic, stimulant, bulk forming and emollient
What products include osmotic laxatives?
Saline, lactulose and glycerin
What do osmotic laxatives do?
Pull water into the colon by osmosis, increasing water content in feces and which increases bulk and stimulates stretch receptors to promote peristalsis. May cause electrolyte imbalances.
What are adverse effects of osmotic laxatives?
Electrolyte imbalances, dehydration. Dont use in patients with heart failure and renal dysfunction.
What is lactulose used for?
Osmotic laxative and prevent/treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing blood ammonia levels. It’s metabolized by the gut bacteria to lower molecular weight acids that draw water into the lumen of the bowel, causing a laxative effect.
Which enema is not recommended in cats and why?
Phosphate enemas, because they can cause life threatening hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemeia
Name 2 bulk forming prooducts
Psyllium and bran
What are bulk forking laxatives?
Poorly digestible fiber substances mainly from cereal grains, wheat bran, vegetables and psyllium. Animals should be well hydrated to minimize impaction risk.