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My Pharmacology > Anti-Inflammatory/Pain Reducing Drugs > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory/Pain Reducing Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What produces arachidonic acid?

A

The breakdown of phospholipids by phospholipase

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2
Q

SAIDS block what?

A

Action of phospholipase

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3
Q

NSAIDS block what?

A

Cyclooxygenase

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4
Q

What are 2 enzymes that cause inflammation?

A

Phospholipase and cyclooxygenase

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5
Q

What are 4 key points to know about Glucocorticoids?

A

Be careful giving to pregnant animals. Whenever possible use topical form to avoid systemic imbalances. Taper animals off to prevent iatrogenic Cushing’s. Do not use in animals with corneal ulcers.

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6
Q

Name 2 NSAIDS that come in both oral and injectable forms and are approved for use in cats?

A

Meloxicam and robenicoxib

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7
Q

What NSAID is commonly used for pain relief of lameness in horses?

A

Phenylbutazone

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8
Q

Which anti-inflammatory drug readily penetrates skin and must be handled cautiously?

A

DMSO

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9
Q

Which NSAID is commonly used in large animals and should not be used in small aninals?

A

Flunixin Meglumine

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10
Q

How do anti-inflammatory drugs work?

A

By inhibiting COX, an enzyme tha t promotes the formation of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid in the cell membrane.

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11
Q

COX-2 is involved more in the production of what?

A

Prostaglandins that promote inflammation

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12
Q

Which drug group is antipyretic and not immunosupressive?

A

NSAIDS

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13
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of NSAIDS?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, gastric ulcers, bleeding, neurotoxicity from hypotensive conditions like dehydration, blood loss or prolonged anesthesia

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14
Q

What are the oldest anti-inflammatory agents?

A

Salicylates

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15
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

Works as a potent nonselective inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting COX 1&2. It is antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory and reduces platelet aggregation

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16
Q

What does COX1 do?

A

Produces prostaglandins that serve protective purpose in the body

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17
Q

Name a pyrazolone drug and its 3 properties?

A

Phenylbutazone, antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory

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18
Q

What is the most common adverse effect of Phenylbutazone?

A

Gastric ulcers

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19
Q

What are the propionic acid derivatives?

A

The -fen group of NSAIDS, Ibuprofen, Carprofen, Ketoprofen and Naproxen

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20
Q

What are signs of salicylate toxicity?

A

GI problems, respiratory problems, neurological problems,bleeding problems, kidney disease

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21
Q

Where are endogenous corticosteroids made?

A

Un the adrenal cortex

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of corticosteroids made by adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

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23
Q

What is are side effects of NSAIDs?

A

GI ulceration, bleeding, bone marrow suppression

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24
Q

What are indications for glucocorticoids?

A

Inflammatory conditions (musculoskeletal, ocular, pulmonary, IVDD), Neoplasia (lymphoma and MCT), allergic responses (asthma, atopic dermatitis), immune mediated diseases (IMHA, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pemphigus, perianal fistula)

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25
Q

What are some adverse effects of Glucocorticoids?

A

PU/PD, delayed wound healing, immunity suppression, GI ulceration and bleeding, increased risk of corneal damage if already present, suppresses endogenous glucocorticoid production

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26
Q

Name 3 selective cox-2 inhibitors

A

Piroxocam, Meloxicam and Robenacoxib

27
Q

What are adverse effects of proprionic acid drugs?

A

GI ulceration, vomiting, anorexia

28
Q

Name the 3 drugs of the Coxib class

A

Deracoxib, Firocoxib, Robenacoxib

29
Q

Which 2 group of drugs are selective COX-2 Inhibitors?

A

Coxib class and Oxicam group

30
Q

Name a drug of the Oxicam group

A

Meloxicam

31
Q

How is meloxicam used in dogs and cats?

A

In dogs, alleviates inflammation and pain from osteoarthritis. In cats, one time shot to control postop pain and inflammation.
It can be given PO, on mm, and inj.

32
Q

What is Robenacoxib for?

A

Prevention of postop pain in dogs and cats at least 5.5 lbs and 4 months old

33
Q

Why is only IV or oral recommended for horses taking Flunixin Meglumine?

A

Solution causes local tissue inflammation IM that may lead to tissue necrosis and clostridial myositis

34
Q

What does Flunixin Meglumine inhibit?

A

COX

35
Q

Which is the only NSAID labeled for beef and dairy cattle IV?

A

Flunixin Meglumine

36
Q

What does DMSO cause?

A

Skin irritation and vasodilation

37
Q

What does DMSO do? What does it treat?

A

Inactives superoxide radicals that produce inflammation
Reduces swelling topically, IV treats inflammation of CNS, intestines and laminitis, enhance skin penetration of other drugs

38
Q

Name 2 NMDA Antagonists

A

Ketamine, Amantodine

39
Q

What does NMDA do?

A

Promotes excitatory neuro transmission, producing response to painful stimuli and decreased response to opioid receptor agonists

40
Q

Glycosaminoglycans are a polysaccharide group derivatives of what?

A

Glucosamine or galactosamine

41
Q

H1 blockers are used to treat what?

A

Pruritus, motion sickness, some upper respiratory conditions.

42
Q

Name an H1 blocker drug

A

Trimeprazine (Phenothiazine) with Temaril-,P.

43
Q

What is immunomodulation?

A

Adjustment of the immune response to a desired level

44
Q

Name an immunomodulation drug

A

Cyclosporine

45
Q

How does cyclosporine work?

A

Suprreses T lymphocyte activity by inhibiting cytokine production. Also has anti-inflammatory and antipruretic

46
Q

Where is cyclosporine contraindicated?

A

FelV and FIV

47
Q

What are adverse effects of cyclosporine?

A

Risk of Neoplasia and vaccine reaction

48
Q

What are signs of a Cushing’s disease?

A

PU/PD, lethargy, bilaterally symmetric alopecia, pendulous abdomen

49
Q

What does the hypothalamus do when glucocorticoid levels rise?

A

Signals the anterior Pituitary to decrease ACTH

50
Q

What disease is caused by suddenly stopping glucocorticoids?

A

Addison’s disease

51
Q

Which form of glucocorticoids is safer to avoid systemic effects?

A

Topical

52
Q

Name 2 short acting glucocorticoids

A

Cortisone and hydrocortisone

53
Q

Name 2 Intermediate acting glucocorticoids

A

Prednisone and prednisolone

54
Q

Name a long acting glucocorticoid

A

Dexamethasone

55
Q

Which glucocorticoid shouldn’t be given to cats and why?

A

Prednisone, because it is converted to prednisolone in the liver, so cats and patients with liver disease shouldn’t take it

56
Q

What is another name for NSAIDs

A

Prostaglandin inhibitors

57
Q

What is Phenylbutazone used for?

A

In horses to treat laminitis, bone pain, athletic injuries

58
Q

Which proprionic acid is used in horses and not dogs?

A

Naproxen

59
Q

What is pyroxocam used for and its properties?

A

Adjunct treatment to urinary bladder transitional carcinoma, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic

60
Q

What for does meloxicam come in and what does it treat?

A

Comes in spray or oral suspension. Alleviates pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. In cats approved for 1x SQ shot prior to sx to control post OP pain and inflammation

61
Q

Name 2 NMDA receptor Antagonists

A

Ketamine and Amantadine

62
Q

Name a nutraceutical that treats osteoarthritis

A

Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate

63
Q

What 2 NSAIDS are approved for cats?

A

Meloxicam and Robenicoxib

64
Q

What are side effects of carprofen? Which organ eliminates it?

A

Mild v/d, anorexia, constipation, tiredness

Liver

My Pharmacology (17 decks)

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