Eyes and Ear Drugs Flashcards
What is the schirmer tear test for?
Diagnose KCS, which is tear production deficiency
What are mydriatics?
Pupil opening drugs, increases IOP
Mydriatics are used for what?
Relieving inflammation associated with uveitis and keratitis, to break up or prevent adhesions between the iris and the lens, and prepare an animal for ocular surgery
Cycloplegics do what?
Paralyze the ciliary muscles and minimize pain
Mydriatics are either:
Sympathomimetic or anticholinergic
Name 2 mydriatic drugs
Atropine and Phenylephrine
What is atropine for?
Anticholinergic used to treat acute inflammation of anterior uvea and as an aid in examination of the retina. Produces cycloplegia.
What is phenylephrine for?
Direct acting A1 sympathomimetic, used to dilate pupils prior to cataract removal. Not a cycloplegic.
What are miotics?
Pupil closing drugs, reduces IOP
What is the miotic pilocarpine used to treat?
Used to treat open angle glaucoma by increasing the outflow of aqueous humor, and neurogenic KCS
What are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for?
Reduce IOP by reducing aqueous humor production
What is glaucoma?
Group of diseases that increase IOP
What do osmotic diuretics do?
Decrease vitreous humor volume to decrease IOP. Used prior to surgery or as an emergency treatment of glaucoma
Name a lacrimogenic
Pilocarpine
KCS can be treated with:
Cyclosporine, Pilocarpine and artificial tears
What are artificial tears?
Isotonic solutions that are Ph buffered to serve as an eye lubricant
Name 2 eye antibiotics
Neomycin and Polymyxin B
What is a warning for Polymyxin B for cats?
Can cause sensitization and anaphylaxis when applied topically in cats
What are optic glucocorticoids used for?
Treating conjunctivitis. Do not use in patients with corneal ulcers, fungal infections or viral infections
What are tear supplements for?
lubricants for the eye
What is responsible for balance?
Vestibule and semicircular canals
What is responsible for hearing?
Cochlea
What is otitis interna?
An inner ear infection
What are side effects of otitis interna?
Head tilt toward infected side, ataxia, nausea, vomiting
Name 3 otic antibiotic groups
Aminoglycosides, phenicols, fluoroquinolones
When giving aminoglycosides, make sure:
The tympanic membrane is intact because it’s ototoxic
Florfenicol should not be used in:
Food producing animals
Enrofloxacin, or Baytril Otic, is combined with:
Silver sulfadiazine
Cerumenolytic agents such as:
Propylene glycol, remove wax and debris before treatment
Name a topical otic anti inflammatory drug and what it does
Fluocinolone plus DMSO, a potent glucocorticoid used to reduce inflammation, edema, pain and pruritus in acute and chronic otitis
What is cycloplegia?
Paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye
