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My Pharmacology > Hormonal Drugs > Flashcards

Hormonal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name an anxiolytic drug group

A

Benzodiazepines

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2
Q

What are benzodiazepines used for?

A

Treat phobias, anxiety and as an appetite stimulant.. May cause aggression

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3
Q

How do benzodiazepines work?

A

Potentiates GABA

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4
Q

At which doses do benzodiazepines do what?

A

Low dose causes sedation, moderate dose is for antianxiety, and high dose causes sleep

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5
Q

What are adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

A

Tolerance, ataxia,, increased muscle spasticity, hepatotoxicity in cats

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6
Q

Name. A benzodiazepine drug

A

Diazepam, -lams and pams

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7
Q

What is the reversal for benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

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8
Q

Name a partial serotonin agonist drug group and a drug

A

Azapirone, Buspirone

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9
Q

What is Buspirone used for?

A

Treat urine spraying, psychogenic alopecia, and feline anxiety associated aggression

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10
Q

Which drug is used to treat diabetes insipidus?

A

Vasopressin

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11
Q

What are adverse effects of Vasopressin?

A

Abdominal pain and pain at the injection site

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12
Q

What are the 2 Posterior Pituitary hormones?

A

Vasopressin and Oxytocin

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13
Q

What are the 2 Posterior Pituitary hormones?

A

Vasopressin and Oxytocin

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14
Q

What does Desmopressin do?

A

Cause antidiuretic activity but doesnt effect Na or K secretion.

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15
Q

What does oxytocin do?

A

Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of the uterus and mammary glands. Has no meat or milk withdrawal time.

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16
Q

What 2 parts of the heat cycle is the follicular phase?

A

Proestrus and estrus

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17
Q

Which part of the heat cycle does FSH increase?

A

Proestrus

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18
Q

During Metestrus, what forms in the ovary and produces progesterone?

A

Corpus luteum

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19
Q

Which hormone maintains pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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20
Q

What parts of the heat cycle is the luteal phase?

A

Metestrus and diestrus

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21
Q

Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and inhibits estrus?

A

Progesterone

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22
Q

How does insulin get into cells?

A

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

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23
Q

What are adverse effects of insulin?

A

Hypoglycemia, insulin induced hyperglycemia, ataxia, seizures, weakness, local reaction

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24
Q

What are the 2 FDA approved types of insulin?

A

Porcine and human recombinant

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25
Q

Name an oral insulin drug

A

Glipizide

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26
Q

What are signs of hypothyroidism?

A

Dull coat, alopecia, weight gain, intolerance to cold, skin and reproductive issues and listlessness

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27
Q

What drug is used to treat hypothyroidism?

A

T4 (levothyroxine)

28
Q

What are signs of hyperthyroidism?

A

Weight loss, tachycardia, high energy, increased metabolism and nervous system action

29
Q

What drug is used to treat hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole

30
Q

What are adverse effects of Methimazole?

A

Hepatotoxicity, vomiting, anorexia

31
Q

What are signs of Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism)?

A

PU/PD, weakness, vomiting, anorexia

32
Q

How is Addison’s disease treated?

A

With DOCP, a long acting mineralocorticoid

33
Q

What are signs of Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)?

A

PU/PD, hair loss, pendulous abdomen.

34
Q

What is an iatrogenic cause of Cushing’s disease?

A

Giving excessive glucocorticoids

35
Q

What 2 drugs are used to treat Cushing’s disease?

A

Mitotane and Trilostane

36
Q

What are adverse effects of Mitotane?

A

Lethargy, diarrhea, neuropathy, vomiting

37
Q

Which drug is used to treat pituitary dependent Cushing’s disease?

A

Trilostane

38
Q

What is an adverse effect of Trilostane and who should it be used in caution with?

A

Electrolyte imbalance, use in caution in patients with renal/hepatic disease

39
Q

Name an anabolic steroid for a horse

A

Boldenone

40
Q

What is Estriol commonly used for?

A

Treat estrogen responsive incontinence and dermatosis

41
Q

Which drug is commonly used in mares to suppress estrus and promote synchronization?

A

Altrenogest

42
Q

Which female hormone should pregnant women and asthmatics avoid handling?

A

Prostaglandins

43
Q

What do prostaglandins do and what are they used for?

A

Cause lysis of the CL, treats pyometra, and aborts fetuses

44
Q

What are 2 examples of commonly used prostaglandin drugs?

A

Dinoprost and Cloprosterol

45
Q

What hormone is given as an ear implant to increase growth in cattle?

A

Testosterone

46
Q

Name 3 anxiolytic supplements

A

L-theanine, Tryptophan and Alpha Casozepine

47
Q

What does L-theanine do?

A

Increases GABA, serotonin and dopamine

48
Q

What is Alpha Casozepine used for?

A

Reducing fear related aggression and autonomic disorders

49
Q

What is L/Tryptophan used for?

A

To treat repetitive vocalization and aggression in cats

50
Q

What do probiotics treat behaviorally?

A

Excessive vocalization, jumping, spinning, panting, pacing, trembling, convulsive licking and house soiling

51
Q

What is gabapentin used for?

A

Anticonvulsant, analgesic and anxiolytic

52
Q

What does the antidepressant TCA do?

A

Interferes with the reuptake of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic cell and increases them at the post synaptic receptors.. It inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake

53
Q

What are TCA’s used to treat?

A

Separation anxiety, pruritus and compulsion

54
Q

What are adverse effects of TCA’s?

A

Anticholinergic, liver and thyroid damage

55
Q

Name a TCA drug and what it treats

A

Clomipramine. Treats urine spraying and feather plucking

56
Q

Name an SSRI drug and what it treats

A

Fluoxetine, treats aggression, anxiety, phobias, compulsion, inappropriate elimination in cats

57
Q

Name an SARI drug and what it does

A

Trazodone, causes increase in serotonin concentration at nerve synapse by inhibiting serotonin reuptake

58
Q

What is Trazadone used to treat?

A

To manage anxiety in post surgical confined spaces and prior to vet visits. Used as an adjunctive treatment with TCAs and SSRIs

59
Q

What do MAOI drugs do?

A

Inhibits the monoamine oxidase enzyme, thus reducing destruction of NE, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin

60
Q

Name an MAOI drug, what it does and what it treats

A

Selegiline, blocks dopamine reuptake, treats cognitive dysfunction in dogs

61
Q

What is DeX used to treat behaviorally? When should it not be used?

A

Noise phobias and shrapnel effect. Dont use in severe cardiovascular, respiratory, liver or kidney disease or stress due to extreme heat, cold or fatigue

62
Q

What is Melatonin used to treat?

A

Seasonal flank alopecia, sleep cycle disorders, phobias, separation anxiety

63
Q

Name 3 pheromones

A

Dog appeasing pheromone
Feline facial pheromone
Equine appeasing pheromone

64
Q

Which drug is available as an oromucosal gel to treat noise phobias?

A

Dex

65
Q

What drug can cause diabetes mellitus with use?

A

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

66
Q

How can adrenal cortex dysfunction be diagnosed?

A

By measuring cortisol levels before and after administering ACTH

67
Q

Which insulin form is used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis and to stabilize BG in newly diabetic patients?

A

Regular crystalline insulin

My Pharmacology (17 decks)

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