Hormonal Drugs Flashcards
Name an anxiolytic drug group
Benzodiazepines
What are benzodiazepines used for?
Treat phobias, anxiety and as an appetite stimulant.. May cause aggression
How do benzodiazepines work?
Potentiates GABA
At which doses do benzodiazepines do what?
Low dose causes sedation, moderate dose is for antianxiety, and high dose causes sleep
What are adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
Tolerance, ataxia,, increased muscle spasticity, hepatotoxicity in cats
Name. A benzodiazepine drug
Diazepam, -lams and pams
What is the reversal for benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
Name a partial serotonin agonist drug group and a drug
Azapirone, Buspirone
What is Buspirone used for?
Treat urine spraying, psychogenic alopecia, and feline anxiety associated aggression
Which drug is used to treat diabetes insipidus?
Vasopressin
What are adverse effects of Vasopressin?
Abdominal pain and pain at the injection site
What are the 2 Posterior Pituitary hormones?
Vasopressin and Oxytocin
What are the 2 Posterior Pituitary hormones?
Vasopressin and Oxytocin
What does Desmopressin do?
Cause antidiuretic activity but doesnt effect Na or K secretion.
What does oxytocin do?
Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of the uterus and mammary glands. Has no meat or milk withdrawal time.
What 2 parts of the heat cycle is the follicular phase?
Proestrus and estrus
Which part of the heat cycle does FSH increase?
Proestrus
During Metestrus, what forms in the ovary and produces progesterone?
Corpus luteum
Which hormone maintains pregnancy?
Progesterone
What parts of the heat cycle is the luteal phase?
Metestrus and diestrus
Which hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum and inhibits estrus?
Progesterone
How does insulin get into cells?
Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
What are adverse effects of insulin?
Hypoglycemia, insulin induced hyperglycemia, ataxia, seizures, weakness, local reaction
What are the 2 FDA approved types of insulin?
Porcine and human recombinant
Name an oral insulin drug
Glipizide
What are signs of hypothyroidism?
Dull coat, alopecia, weight gain, intolerance to cold, skin and reproductive issues and listlessness
What drug is used to treat hypothyroidism?
T4 (levothyroxine)
What are signs of hyperthyroidism?
Weight loss, tachycardia, high energy, increased metabolism and nervous system action
What drug is used to treat hyperthyroidism?
Methimazole
What are adverse effects of Methimazole?
Hepatotoxicity, vomiting, anorexia
What are signs of Addison’s disease (hypoadrenocorticism)?
PU/PD, weakness, vomiting, anorexia
How is Addison’s disease treated?
With DOCP, a long acting mineralocorticoid
What are signs of Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism)?
PU/PD, hair loss, pendulous abdomen.
What is an iatrogenic cause of Cushing’s disease?
Giving excessive glucocorticoids
What 2 drugs are used to treat Cushing’s disease?
Mitotane and Trilostane
What are adverse effects of Mitotane?
Lethargy, diarrhea, neuropathy, vomiting
Which drug is used to treat pituitary dependent Cushing’s disease?
Trilostane
What is an adverse effect of Trilostane and who should it be used in caution with?
Electrolyte imbalance, use in caution in patients with renal/hepatic disease
Name an anabolic steroid for a horse
Boldenone
What is Estriol commonly used for?
Treat estrogen responsive incontinence and dermatosis
Which drug is commonly used in mares to suppress estrus and promote synchronization?
Altrenogest
Which female hormone should pregnant women and asthmatics avoid handling?
Prostaglandins
What do prostaglandins do and what are they used for?
Cause lysis of the CL, treats pyometra, and aborts fetuses
What are 2 examples of commonly used prostaglandin drugs?
Dinoprost and Cloprosterol
What hormone is given as an ear implant to increase growth in cattle?
Testosterone
Name 3 anxiolytic supplements
L-theanine, Tryptophan and Alpha Casozepine
What does L-theanine do?
Increases GABA, serotonin and dopamine
What is Alpha Casozepine used for?
Reducing fear related aggression and autonomic disorders
What is L/Tryptophan used for?
To treat repetitive vocalization and aggression in cats
What do probiotics treat behaviorally?
Excessive vocalization, jumping, spinning, panting, pacing, trembling, convulsive licking and house soiling
What is gabapentin used for?
Anticonvulsant, analgesic and anxiolytic
What does the antidepressant TCA do?
Interferes with the reuptake of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic cell and increases them at the post synaptic receptors.. It inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake
What are TCA’s used to treat?
Separation anxiety, pruritus and compulsion
What are adverse effects of TCA’s?
Anticholinergic, liver and thyroid damage
Name a TCA drug and what it treats
Clomipramine. Treats urine spraying and feather plucking
Name an SSRI drug and what it treats
Fluoxetine, treats aggression, anxiety, phobias, compulsion, inappropriate elimination in cats
Name an SARI drug and what it does
Trazodone, causes increase in serotonin concentration at nerve synapse by inhibiting serotonin reuptake
What is Trazadone used to treat?
To manage anxiety in post surgical confined spaces and prior to vet visits. Used as an adjunctive treatment with TCAs and SSRIs
What do MAOI drugs do?
Inhibits the monoamine oxidase enzyme, thus reducing destruction of NE, epinephrine, dopamine and serotonin
Name an MAOI drug, what it does and what it treats
Selegiline, blocks dopamine reuptake, treats cognitive dysfunction in dogs
What is DeX used to treat behaviorally? When should it not be used?
Noise phobias and shrapnel effect. Dont use in severe cardiovascular, respiratory, liver or kidney disease or stress due to extreme heat, cold or fatigue
What is Melatonin used to treat?
Seasonal flank alopecia, sleep cycle disorders, phobias, separation anxiety
Name 3 pheromones
Dog appeasing pheromone
Feline facial pheromone
Equine appeasing pheromone
Which drug is available as an oromucosal gel to treat noise phobias?
Dex
What drug can cause diabetes mellitus with use?
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
How can adrenal cortex dysfunction be diagnosed?
By measuring cortisol levels before and after administering ACTH
Which insulin form is used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis and to stabilize BG in newly diabetic patients?
Regular crystalline insulin
