Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What are cardiac glycosides?
Digitalis drugs that increase strength of cardiac contractions, decrease HR/dyspnea, inhibits Na-K pump, antiarrhythmic
Name 2 digitalis drugs
Digitoxin, Digoxin
Name 4 catecholamines
Epi, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproteronol
What is dopamine used for?
Treat acute heart failure and extreme shock
Name a vasoconstrictive drug and what it does
Vasopressin (ADH), treats shock, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, increases BP and fluid retention
What are 2 groups of Vasodilators?
ACEI, ARB
Name an ACEI drug and what it does
Enalapril, treats CHF due to cardiomyopathy/mitral valve dz in dogs. Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.
Name an ARB drug and what it does
Telmisarten, treats hypertension in cats, inhibits angiotensin activity
Which group of cardiac drugs are good for treating CHF and hypertension in cats?
Calcium Channel Blockers
Name an arteriole dilator and what it does
Hydralazine, treats CHF and reduces afterload
Name a topic venodilator, what it does and its adverse effects
Nitroglycerin, reduces pulmonary edema and R side HF, can cause hypotension
What is an inodilator
Both an inotrope (changes force of heart contractions) and vasodilator
Name an inodilator drug and what it does
Pimobendan, tx CHF because of AV valvular insufficiency or DCM, increases stroke volume and cardiac output
What drug category is Pimobendan in?
Benzimidazole
What do diuretics do?
Increase volume of urine produced in kidneys, decreases plasma volume
What are adverse effects of beta blockers?
Decreased BP, Decreased cardiac output, bronchospasm
What are adverse effects of inodilators?
Anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, dyspnea
What are adverse effects of ACEI’s and ARB’s?
Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss
Name 2 calcium channel blocker drugs
Amlodipine, Dilitiazem
What are adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?
Hypotension, bradycardia, edema
Name 2 membrane stabilizers
Lidocaine and Mexilitine
What is lidocaine used for?
Treat ventricular tachycardia
Name 2 Potassium channel blockers
Amiodarone, Sotalol
What are potassium channel blockers used for?
Emergency treatment of ventricular tachycardia & fibrillation
What do potassium channel blockers do?
Lengthen action potentials (repolarization)
What is heparin used for?
Treat thromboembolism, DIC and laminitis. Used in tubes, transfusions and catheters,
What is EDTA for and what does it do?
Binds to Ca, treats lead poisoning.
What are the adverse effects of EDTA?
Vomiting, diarrhea, renal toxicity
What are adverse effects of Coumarin?
Bleeding,weakness
What does coumarin do?
Bind to vitamin K, treats thromboembolisms
What does aspirin do?
Inhibits thromboxane, prevents thromboembolisms associated with HW dz & cardiomyopathies in cats
What are adverse effects of aspirin?
GI bleeding and vomiting
What drug is used to treat heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate
What does Vitamin K do?
Treats rodenticide toxicity and bleeding disorders
What are adverse effects of Vitamin K?
Anaphylaxis and bleeding from the injection site
What is used as a topical anticoagulant after dehorning?
Ferrous sulfate powder
What treats piglet anemia?
Iron
Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal failure?
Erythropoietin
Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal disease?
Darbopoietin
Which B vitamin is needed for normal erythropoiesis?
Folic acid
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Heart rate * stroke volume
What are 3 factors associated with stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, systemic vascular resistance
Which number is higher when measuring BP?
Systolic
Which number is lower when measuring BP?
Diastolic
What is mean arterial pressure measured for?
Perfusion of tissues
What happens if you give Atropine to a patient with an arrythmia?
The heart rate will drop profoundly for 30 seconds before increasing
When shouldn’t you give Atropine?
In combo with an alpha 2 agonist and cardiac disease patients
Atropine/anticholinergics should only be used in what situation in large animals?
Emergency
