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My Pharmacology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardiac glycosides?

A

Digitalis drugs that increase strength of cardiac contractions, decrease HR/dyspnea, inhibits Na-K pump, antiarrhythmic

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2
Q

Name 2 digitalis drugs

A

Digitoxin, Digoxin

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3
Q

Name 4 catecholamines

A

Epi, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproteronol

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4
Q

What is dopamine used for?

A

Treat acute heart failure and extreme shock

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5
Q

Name a vasoconstrictive drug and what it does

A

Vasopressin (ADH), treats shock, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, increases BP and fluid retention

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6
Q

What are 2 groups of Vasodilators?

A

ACEI, ARB

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7
Q

Name an ACEI drug and what it does

A

Enalapril, treats CHF due to cardiomyopathy/mitral valve dz in dogs. Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

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8
Q

Name an ARB drug and what it does

A

Telmisarten, treats hypertension in cats, inhibits angiotensin activity

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9
Q

Which group of cardiac drugs are good for treating CHF and hypertension in cats?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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10
Q

Name an arteriole dilator and what it does

A

Hydralazine, treats CHF and reduces afterload

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11
Q

Name a topic venodilator, what it does and its adverse effects

A

Nitroglycerin, reduces pulmonary edema and R side HF, can cause hypotension

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12
Q

What is an inodilator

A

Both an inotrope (changes force of heart contractions) and vasodilator

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13
Q

Name an inodilator drug and what it does

A

Pimobendan, tx CHF because of AV valvular insufficiency or DCM, increases stroke volume and cardiac output

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14
Q

What drug category is Pimobendan in?

A

Benzimidazole

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15
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase volume of urine produced in kidneys, decreases plasma volume

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16
Q

What are adverse effects of beta blockers?

A

Decreased BP, Decreased cardiac output, bronchospasm

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17
Q

What are adverse effects of inodilators?

A

Anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, dyspnea

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18
Q

What are adverse effects of ACEI’s and ARB’s?

A

Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss

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19
Q

Name 2 calcium channel blocker drugs

A

Amlodipine, Dilitiazem

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20
Q

What are adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia, edema

21
Q

Name 2 membrane stabilizers

A

Lidocaine and Mexilitine

22
Q

What is lidocaine used for?

A

Treat ventricular tachycardia

23
Q

Name 2 Potassium channel blockers

A

Amiodarone, Sotalol

24
Q

What are potassium channel blockers used for?

A

Emergency treatment of ventricular tachycardia & fibrillation

25
Q

What do potassium channel blockers do?

A

Lengthen action potentials (repolarization)

26
Q

What is heparin used for?

A

Treat thromboembolism, DIC and laminitis. Used in tubes, transfusions and catheters,

27
Q

What is EDTA for and what does it do?

A

Binds to Ca, treats lead poisoning.

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of EDTA?

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, renal toxicity

29
Q

What are adverse effects of Coumarin?

A

Bleeding,weakness

30
Q

What does coumarin do?

A

Bind to vitamin K, treats thromboembolisms

31
Q

What does aspirin do?

A

Inhibits thromboxane, prevents thromboembolisms associated with HW dz & cardiomyopathies in cats

32
Q

What are adverse effects of aspirin?

A

GI bleeding and vomiting

33
Q

What drug is used to treat heparin overdose?

A

Protamine sulfate

34
Q

What does Vitamin K do?

A

Treats rodenticide toxicity and bleeding disorders

35
Q

What are adverse effects of Vitamin K?

A

Anaphylaxis and bleeding from the injection site

36
Q

What is used as a topical anticoagulant after dehorning?

A

Ferrous sulfate powder

37
Q

What treats piglet anemia?

A

Iron

38
Q

Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal failure?

A

Erythropoietin

39
Q

Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal disease?

A

Darbopoietin

40
Q

Which B vitamin is needed for normal erythropoiesis?

A

Folic acid

41
Q

What is the equation for cardiac output?

A

Heart rate * stroke volume

42
Q

What are 3 factors associated with stroke volume?

A

Preload, afterload, systemic vascular resistance

43
Q

Which number is higher when measuring BP?

A

Systolic

44
Q

Which number is lower when measuring BP?

A

Diastolic

45
Q

What is mean arterial pressure measured for?

A

Perfusion of tissues

46
Q

What happens if you give Atropine to a patient with an arrythmia?

A

The heart rate will drop profoundly for 30 seconds before increasing

47
Q

When shouldn’t you give Atropine?

A

In combo with an alpha 2 agonist and cardiac disease patients

48
Q

Atropine/anticholinergics should only be used in what situation in large animals?

A

Emergency

My Pharmacology (17 decks)

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