Musculoskeletal

Question 1

spondylolisthesis is what type of back pain and what is it

Answer 1

nonspecific; vertebra on top that slide forward

Question 2

cauda equina syndrome s/s

Answer 2

recent onset of bladder disfunction, sensory loss, saddle anesthesia, bila sciatica

Question 3

back pain d/t tumor red flag s/s

Answer 3

pain worse at night in the supine position

Question 4

mechanical low back pain and when is it precipitated

Answer 4

non-radiating pain and stiffness in the lower back, precipitated by heavy lifting

Question 5

when does mechanical low back pain improve?

Answer 5

supine, resting

Question 6

most common site of weakness with disc disease

Answer 6

foot plantar or dorsiflexion

Question 7

what does proximal weakness suggest with disc disease?

Answer 7

femoral neuropathy or compression of lumbar plexus

Question 8

do herniated disk problem envolve loss of bowel or bladder problems?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

common s/s of herniated disk?

Answer 9

PAIN (#1) and paresthesia

Question 10

risk factors for herniated disk

Answer 10

trauma, aging, degenerative disorders

Question 11

most common herniation

Answer 11

posterior and oblique toward the intervertebral foramen and contained spinal nerve root and dorsal root ganglion

Question 12

what can happen if you get a disk herniation in lumbar area?

Answer 12

cauda equina syndrome

Question 13

1 cause of sciatica

Answer 13

herniated disk

Question 14

causes of cauda equina syndrome

Answer 14

tumor or massive midline disk herniations

Question 15

what do you do if you think someone has cauda equina syndrome?

Answer 15

EMERGENCY, decompression needed

Question 16

when testing for lumbar nerve root compression, if patient has a S1 problem what cant they do?

Answer 16

toe walk

Question 17

when testing for lumbar nerve root compression, if patient has a L5 problem what cant they do?

Answer 17

heel walk

Question 18

classic presentation for back pain d/t metastatic cancer?

Answer 18

constant dull back pain that is not relieved by rest

Question 19

osteoporosis

Answer 19

thinning of bone-density or mass of bone reduced

Question 20

spongy bone loss exceeds compact bone loss in which disease?

Answer 20

osteoporosis

Question 21

Type 1 primary osteoporosis

Answer 21

post-menopausal d/t lack of estrogen

Question 22

Type 2 primary osteoprosis

Answer 22

senile osteoprosis d/t aging bones and ca deficiency

Question 23

secondary osteoporosis occurs because of?

Answer 23

as a result of other conditions

Question 24

Bone mass is gained up to what age

Answer 24

30

Question 25

bone mass is gained through what?

Answer 25

physcial activity, intake of vitamins, overweight, exposure to sex hormones at puberty

Question 26

soda and junk food interferes with what? and puts you at risk for what?

Answer 26

calcium and phosphorus balances causing osteoporosis

Question 27

causes of male osteoporosis

Answer 27

hypogonadism and corticosteriod use

Question 28

classic regional osteoporosis

Answer 28

associated with dissue or immobilization of a limb because of fractures, motor paralysis or bone/joint inflammation

Question 29

claudication and what is it caused by

Answer 29

cramping in leg when exercising, caused by obstruction of arteries

Question 30

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with walking

Answer 30

vascular=fixed distance before symptoms occur | neurogenic =variable distance before symptoms occur

Question 31

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with going up hill

Answer 31

vascular=painful to walk up hill | neurogenic=no pain to walk up hill

Question 32

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with standing

Answer 32

vascular=pain improves with standing still | neurogenic=pain improves by sitting or bending forward

Question 33

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with pulses

Answer 33

vascular=absent pulses | neurogenic=present pulses

Question 34

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with appearance of skin

Answer 34

vascular=shiny skin, loss of hair | neurogenic= normal skin

Question 35

monoarticular arthritis

Answer 35

arthritis affecting a single joint

Question 36

polyarticular arthritis

Answer 36

arthritis affecting many joints

Question 37

gout

Answer 37

urate crystals deposit in joints, too much uric acid in body

Question 38

secondary gout causes

Answer 38

excessive uric acid in the blood that is caused by another disease

Question 39

risk factors for gout

Answer 39

obese, diabetes, renal disease, sickle cell disease, alcohol

Question 40

primary gout causes

Answer 40

purine metabolism disorder

Question 41

gout is which kind of arthritis?

Answer 41

monoarticular

Question 42

podagra

Answer 42

pain with gout, red, swollen

Question 43

what do you need to do to every acute gout inflammatory joint effusion?

Answer 43

tap it! except for septic joints

Question 44

arthrocentesis and what is this needed to rule out?

Answer 44

joint fluid sent for cell count, gram stain, culture to r/t septic arthritis

Question 45

which disease is associated with Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPDD)

Answer 45

hyperparathyroidism

Question 46

similarities of CPPDD and gout

Answer 46

flare induced by trauma or illness, monoarticular attacks, incidence increases with age

Question 47

differences of CPPDD and gout

Answer 47

CPPDD affects knee, gout affects great toe

Question 48

serologies are important to do with suspicion of what?

Answer 48

lyme disease

Question 49

septic arthritis

Answer 49

joint pain in knee, fever

Question 50

what kind of arthritis is septic arthritis?

Answer 50

monoarticular

Question 51

Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPDD)

Answer 51

older patient with acute flare of degenerative artritis

Question 52

staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism that causes

Answer 52

septic arthritis

Question 53

what should you assume about septic arthritis?

Answer 53

assume it is infected

Question 54

disseminated gonorrhea s/s

Answer 54

rheumatologic manifestations seen in young people

Question 55

disseminated gonorrhea presents in two different ways which are?

Answer 55

classic septic arthritis OR arthritis of hands, dermatitis and tenosynovitis (inflammation of tendons)

Question 56

Borrelia burgdorferi

Answer 56

transmits lyme disease

Question 57

early symptoms of lyme disease

Answer 57

av node block, h/a, cranial nerve 7 palsies

Question 58

late symptoms of lyme disease

Answer 58

joint pain

Question 59

if a patient has joint pain but there is an absence of lyme disease antibodies what can you rule out?

Answer 59

lyme disease

Question 60

RA

Answer 60

systemic disease that affects connective tissue

Question 61

is RA auto immune?

Answer 61

yes

Question 62

Rheumatoid Factors (IgM, IgA, IgG) are elevated or decreased with RA?

Answer 62

elevated

Question 63

Immunologically mediated inflammation and amount of erosive damage occurs in RA or OA?

Answer 63

RA

Question 64

early RA form?

Answer 64

joint effusions

Question 65

late RA forms?

Answer 65

granulomas

Question 66

stills disease

Answer 66

RA found in children that develops after 16yrs

Question 67

psoriatic arthritis you need what kind of diagnoses for this?

Answer 67

psoriasis

Question 68

RF is negative in which disease?

Answer 68

psoriatic arthritis

Question 69

psoriatic arthritis s/s

Answer 69

DIP joints, spine involvement, can loose finger

Question 70

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 70

chronic, progressive inflammatory disease that can cause major organs to fail

Question 71

classic s/s of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 71

undiagnosed anemia, arthritis in hands, fatigue

Question 72

osteoarthritis s/s

Answer 72

joint stiffness occurs with inactivity, pain resolves with movement

Question 73

articular cartilage

Answer 73

at ends of bones

Question 74

tidemark or calcified front

Answer 74

calcified cartilage and non-calcified cartliage at the end of bone that interact