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Patho > Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

spondylolisthesis is what type of back pain and what is it

A

nonspecific; vertebra on top that slide forward

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2
Q

cauda equina syndrome s/s

A

recent onset of bladder disfunction, sensory loss, saddle anesthesia, bila sciatica

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3
Q

back pain d/t tumor red flag s/s

A

pain worse at night in the supine position

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4
Q

mechanical low back pain and when is it precipitated

A

non-radiating pain and stiffness in the lower back, precipitated by heavy lifting

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5
Q

when does mechanical low back pain improve?

A

supine, resting

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6
Q

most common site of weakness with disc disease

A

foot plantar or dorsiflexion

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7
Q

what does proximal weakness suggest with disc disease?

A

femoral neuropathy or compression of lumbar plexus

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8
Q

do herniated disk problem envolve loss of bowel or bladder problems?

A

no

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9
Q

common s/s of herniated disk?

A

PAIN (#1) and paresthesia

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10
Q

risk factors for herniated disk

A

trauma, aging, degenerative disorders

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11
Q

most common herniation

A

posterior and oblique toward the intervertebral foramen and contained spinal nerve root and dorsal root ganglion

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12
Q

what can happen if you get a disk herniation in lumbar area?

A

cauda equina syndrome

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13
Q

1 cause of sciatica

A

herniated disk

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14
Q

causes of cauda equina syndrome

A

tumor or massive midline disk herniations

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15
Q

what do you do if you think someone has cauda equina syndrome?

A

EMERGENCY, decompression needed

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16
Q

when testing for lumbar nerve root compression, if patient has a S1 problem what cant they do?

A

toe walk

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17
Q

when testing for lumbar nerve root compression, if patient has a L5 problem what cant they do?

A

heel walk

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18
Q

classic presentation for back pain d/t metastatic cancer?

A

constant dull back pain that is not relieved by rest

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19
Q

osteoporosis

A

thinning of bone-density or mass of bone reduced

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20
Q

spongy bone loss exceeds compact bone loss in which disease?

A

osteoporosis

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21
Q

Type 1 primary osteoporosis

A

post-menopausal d/t lack of estrogen

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22
Q

Type 2 primary osteoprosis

A

senile osteoprosis d/t aging bones and ca deficiency

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23
Q

secondary osteoporosis occurs because of?

A

as a result of other conditions

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24
Q

Bone mass is gained up to what age

A

30

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25
Q

bone mass is gained through what?

A

physcial activity, intake of vitamins, overweight, exposure to sex hormones at puberty

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26
Q

soda and junk food interferes with what? and puts you at risk for what?

A

calcium and phosphorus balances causing osteoporosis

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27
Q

causes of male osteoporosis

A

hypogonadism and corticosteriod use

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28
Q

classic regional osteoporosis

A

associated with dissue or immobilization of a limb because of fractures, motor paralysis or bone/joint inflammation

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29
Q

claudication and what is it caused by

A

cramping in leg when exercising, caused by obstruction of arteries

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30
Q

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with walking

A

vascular=fixed distance before symptoms occur

neurogenic =variable distance before symptoms occur

31
Q

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with going up hill

A

vascular=painful to walk up hill

neurogenic=no pain to walk up hill

32
Q

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with standing

A

vascular=pain improves with standing still

neurogenic=pain improves by sitting or bending forward

33
Q

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with pulses

A

vascular=absent pulses

neurogenic=present pulses

34
Q

vascular vs neurogenic claudication with appearance of skin

A

vascular=shiny skin, loss of hair

neurogenic= normal skin

35
Q

monoarticular arthritis

A

arthritis affecting a single joint

36
Q

polyarticular arthritis

A

arthritis affecting many joints

37
Q

gout

A

urate crystals deposit in joints, too much uric acid in body

38
Q

secondary gout causes

A

excessive uric acid in the blood that is caused by another disease

39
Q

risk factors for gout

A

obese, diabetes, renal disease, sickle cell disease, alcohol

40
Q

primary gout causes

A

purine metabolism disorder

41
Q

gout is which kind of arthritis?

A

monoarticular

42
Q

podagra

A

pain with gout, red, swollen

43
Q

what do you need to do to every acute gout inflammatory joint effusion?

A

tap it! except for septic joints

44
Q

arthrocentesis and what is this needed to rule out?

A

joint fluid sent for cell count, gram stain, culture to r/t septic arthritis

45
Q

which disease is associated with Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPDD)

A

hyperparathyroidism

46
Q

similarities of CPPDD and gout

A

flare induced by trauma or illness, monoarticular attacks, incidence increases with age

47
Q

differences of CPPDD and gout

A

CPPDD affects knee, gout affects great toe

48
Q

serologies are important to do with suspicion of what?

A

lyme disease

49
Q

septic arthritis

A

joint pain in knee, fever

50
Q

what kind of arthritis is septic arthritis?

A

monoarticular

51
Q

Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease (CPPDD)

A

older patient with acute flare of degenerative artritis

52
Q

staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism that causes

A

septic arthritis

53
Q

what should you assume about septic arthritis?

A

assume it is infected

54
Q

disseminated gonorrhea s/s

A

rheumatologic manifestations seen in young people

55
Q

disseminated gonorrhea presents in two different ways which are?

A

classic septic arthritis OR arthritis of hands, dermatitis and tenosynovitis (inflammation of tendons)

56
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

transmits lyme disease

57
Q

early symptoms of lyme disease

A

av node block, h/a, cranial nerve 7 palsies

58
Q

late symptoms of lyme disease

A

joint pain

59
Q

if a patient has joint pain but there is an absence of lyme disease antibodies what can you rule out?

A

lyme disease

60
Q

RA

A

systemic disease that affects connective tissue

61
Q

is RA auto immune?

A

yes

62
Q

Rheumatoid Factors (IgM, IgA, IgG) are elevated or decreased with RA?

A

elevated

63
Q

Immunologically mediated inflammation and amount of erosive damage occurs in RA or OA?

A

RA

64
Q

early RA form?

A

joint effusions

65
Q

late RA forms?

A

granulomas

66
Q

stills disease

A

RA found in children that develops after 16yrs

67
Q

psoriatic arthritis you need what kind of diagnoses for this?

A

psoriasis

68
Q

RF is negative in which disease?

A

psoriatic arthritis

69
Q

psoriatic arthritis s/s

A

DIP joints, spine involvement, can loose finger

70
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic, progressive inflammatory disease that can cause major organs to fail

71
Q

classic s/s of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

undiagnosed anemia, arthritis in hands, fatigue

72
Q

osteoarthritis s/s

A

joint stiffness occurs with inactivity, pain resolves with movement

73
Q

articular cartilage

A

at ends of bones

74
Q

tidemark or calcified front

A

calcified cartilage and non-calcified cartliage at the end of bone that interact

Patho (20 decks)

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