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Patho > Ears > Flashcards

Ears Flashcards

1
Q

What is ear embedded in?

A

the temporal bone

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2
Q

The external ear and external auditory canal end where?

A

the ear drum

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3
Q

what are ears designed for?

A

to pick up sounds

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4
Q

which part of the ear is genetically determined?

A

the Helex

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5
Q

How can you equalize pressure on both sides of the eardrum?

A

by swallowing

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6
Q

Eustachian tubes

A

In middle, creates equal pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane

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7
Q

Organ of Corti responsibility?

A

responsible for transmitting the cilia vibrations into a nerve impulse that travels down cranial nerve VIII.

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8
Q

Major treatment for vertigo?

A

Physical therapy

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9
Q

cone of light locations

A

4pm on Left, 7pm on Right

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10
Q

what happens to an eardrum that has had multiple tubes

A

it gets thicker, milkier, white

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11
Q

middle ear function

A

transmits sound to oval window and moves fluid through the cochlea

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12
Q

Inner ear function

A

transmits sound waves and position changes to nerve impulses

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13
Q

which organ is permanently damaged with hearing loss?

A

Cochlear

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14
Q

Insufflation

A

looking with a light, using air pressure to move eardrum

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15
Q

when examining an adult and child, what do you do differently?

A

Adult: pull up and back
child: pull down and back

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16
Q

what happens with hearing loss as you age? what situations do they then avoid because of this?

A

you have a hard time hearing the person next to you bc of all the white noise – embarrassing so they avoid large groups or situations where there are loud noises

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17
Q

How can you test for tinnitus

A

ask them a question and they will answer a different question

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18
Q

sensoryneuro hearing loss is do to damage of which organ?

A

cochlea, internal organs, organ of cordi, cranial nerve VIII

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19
Q

Conduction hearing loss causes

A

stiff eardrum, sclerosis of little bones

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

gradual loss of hearing due to aging and interruption of vascular supply

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21
Q

voice test

A

client holds one ear shut and examiner whispers something in that ear

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22
Q

watch test

A

hold a watch to patients ear and ask if they can hear the ticking

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23
Q

If patient has an ear infection (conductive hearing loss), when doing the Weber test, what will you find?

A

bad ear will hear it because of the inability to hear the “white noise” from the infection

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24
Q

If patient has sensory neuro hearing loss, when doing the Weber test, what will you find?

A

good ear will hear it, bad ear wont

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25
Q

weber test

A

tapping a tuning fork and placing it on head

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26
Q

If patient has sensory neuro hearing loss, when doing a Rinne test, what will you find?

A

AC>BC in affected ear but less than 2:1 so its not a normal result

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27
Q

If patient has conductive hearing loss on one side, when doing a Rinne test, what will you find?

A

BC>AC in affected ear

28
Q

Normal Rinne test

A

AC>BC 2:1

29
Q

Schwabach test

A

one ear is covered, fork placed on bone, heard longer by the patient then its conductive hearing loss and if heard longer by the examiner its sensorineural hearing loss.

30
Q

Positive Romberg sign

A

when patient stands up and closes their eyes and falls over or sways significantly

31
Q

Past pointing

A

having client close eyes and point to examiners finger then have them raise finger and bring it back to examiners finger

32
Q

If patient false past point test, has a positive Romberg sign, Gaze nystagmus test, hallpike maneuver what kind of problem do they have?

A

vestibular

33
Q

Gaze Nystagmus test

A

patient will look straight, 30 degrees to each side and up and down, looking for any nystagmus

34
Q

what does nystagmus indicate?

A

a problem with the vestibular system (sense of balance and coordination)

35
Q

Tympanogram

A

measures how easily eardrum vibrates back and forth and what pressure vibration is easiest

Gives info on Eardrum compliance!

36
Q

If middle ear is filled with fluid what will Tympanogram look like?

A

flat

37
Q

If middle ear is filled with air what will Tympanogram look like?

A

it will be shifted

38
Q

Pure tone audiometry

A

Identifies problems with hearing, speech, music and other sounds in environment

39
Q

Speech audiometry

A

measurement of patients ability to hear spoken words

40
Q

Auditory brain stem response (ABR) and who is it used on?

A

test to track nerve signals from inner ear to brain, used with babies

41
Q

Electronystagmography (ENG) test

A

used to differentiate reasons for nystagmus by recording electrical fields with eye movement. NPO, long process!

42
Q

external otitis

A

swimmers ear, infection of external auditory canal

43
Q

external otitis treatment

A

antibiotics or steriods, heat, ASA or tylenol, ear plugs for swimming, no cotton swabs!

44
Q

wicking

A

device which allows medication to go behind where it is swollen

45
Q

serous otitis

A

fluid in middle ear behind ear drum

46
Q

serous otitis s/s

A

air bubbles behind ear drum, Tympanogram curve wont be as high and shift to right, TM dull, immobile

47
Q

acute otitis media

A

infection of middle ear

48
Q

myringotomy

A

tube placement

49
Q

Cholesteamtoma

A

epithelial cells and cholesterol in middle ear which erode the boney ossicles and eventually goes to ear drum

50
Q

s/s Cholesteamtoma and what kind of referral is it?

A

pearly white lesion on or behind TM, its an immediate referral!

51
Q

Mastoiditis

A

occurs from an untreated ear infection

52
Q

Otosclerosis and what will TM look like

A

scarring on boney ossicles, pinkish discoloration of TM

53
Q

Rinne and weber test with otosclerosis

A

negative Rinne and weber will show lateralization to affected ear

54
Q

Cochlear Implants are used for which hearing loss?

A

sensorineural

55
Q

Fenestration

A

removal of stapes, can cause vertigo, infection or facial nerve damage, complete hearing loss

56
Q

Temperomadibular joint dysfunction

A

secondary cause of ear pain, associated with teeth grinding

57
Q

Barotrauma

A

tissue damage caused by rapid change of pressure like in diving

58
Q

tests for Barotrauma

A

Tympanogram

59
Q

How long does a TM usually take to heal?

A

1-3 months

60
Q

Tympanoplasty or myringoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of ossicles and TM

61
Q

Cerumen

A

earwax either thick dark or pasty yellow

62
Q

most common cause of impacted canals?

A

cerumen

63
Q

Cerumen removal

A

3 gtts of glycerin at bedtime and 3 gtts of hydrogen peroxide 2x/week

64
Q

If nausea develops while irrigating an ear what do you do?

A

stop

65
Q

hearing aids work best with which kind of hearing loss?

A

conductive

66
Q

hearing aid education

A

use slowly, clean ear with mild soap and water, keep aid dry, no hair sprays

Patho (20 decks)

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