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Patho > Eyes > Flashcards

Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

external layer of eye

A

sclera, cornea

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2
Q

sclera

A

white tissue

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3
Q

cornea

A

transparent layer

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4
Q

middle layer

A

choroid, ciliary body, iris

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5
Q

choroid

A

supplies nutrients to retina

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6
Q

ciliary body

A

helps give eye its shape

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7
Q

iris

A

eye color

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8
Q

internal layer

A

retina

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9
Q

retina

A

fibers of the optic nerve are distributed here

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10
Q

what is the retina boarded by?

A

chorotis and sclera

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11
Q

rods & cones are in which part of the eye?

A

retina

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12
Q

rods

A

peripheral vision

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13
Q

cones

A

color vision

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14
Q

vitreous

A

responsible for shape of eye (along with ciliary body)

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15
Q

optic disk

A

blind spot, optic nerve enters/exits at this area

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16
Q

fova centralis

A

acute vision occurs

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17
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

produces tears

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18
Q

aqueous humor anterior chamber lies where?

A

between cornea and iris

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19
Q

aqueous humor posterior chamber lies where?

A

between iris and lens

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20
Q

canal of schlemm

A

extends around eye, allows fluid to drain

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21
Q

lens

A

bends ray of light to fall into retina

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22
Q

pupils

A

control amount of light that goes to retina

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23
Q

do pupils dilate or constrict at night? light?

A

night=dilate, light=contrict

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24
Q

conjunctivae

A

located over sclera

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25
Q

which nerve is responsible for sensory?

A

Cranial nerve II

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26
Q

rectus muscles turn toward…

A

turns toward temporal

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27
Q

oblique muscles turn towards

A

nasal

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28
Q

what happens to pupils during accommodation when looking at a distance?

A

dilate

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29
Q

what happens to pupils during accommodation when looking at something close?

A

constrict

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30
Q

light procedure for pupils

A

pt is took look straight ahead while examiner flashes light from each side into eye

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31
Q

accommodation procedure for pupils

A

pt is to look straight aheads in distance & then is to focus on something close

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32
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

put something in blood vessels so you can see it

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33
Q

fluorescein staining

A

put something on vessel and shine light into it

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34
Q

Ambler testing

A

tests for macular degeneration

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35
Q

hyperopia

A

farshighted

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36
Q

myopia

A

nearshited

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37
Q

who gets convened lens?

A

farsighted people

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38
Q

who gets concave lens?

A

nearshited

39
Q

confrontation exam

A

pt covers one eye while examiner covers the same eye

40
Q

cataracts

A

opacity of lens, no red reflex

41
Q

astigmatism

A

more than one focal point

42
Q

is visual acuity affected with contusions?

A

no

43
Q

Exopthalmos

A

BIG EYE BALLS, d/t hyperthyroidism

44
Q

Dacryocytosis

A

infection of lacrimal sac d/t an obstruction

45
Q

diagnostics for dacryocytosis

A

CBC, leukocytosis

46
Q

Blepharitis

A

most common inflammation of eyelid

47
Q

Blepharitis s/s

A

lids inflamed, oily secretions, visual acuity okay, loss of lashes (late)

48
Q

Chalazion and s/s

A

indurated lesion, painless, chronic

49
Q

entropion

A

lid is turned inward

50
Q

extropion

A

lid is turned outward

51
Q

entropion/extropion can cause what?

A

tearing

52
Q

difference between bacterial & viral conjunctivitis?

A

bacterial has a lot of discharge, viral does not

53
Q

If there is no improvement of bacterial & viral conjunctivitis, what do you order?

A

C and S, gram stain

54
Q

What do you see on chronic allergic conjunctivitis?

A

abrasions on cornea

55
Q

which is worse with chemical conjunctivitis, alkaline chemicals or acidotic chemicals?

A

alkaline burns worse so thats why we do PH testing to see which it is!

56
Q

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage, what is it and how does it develop?

A

small blood rupture in the conjunctival tissue, develops after straining or coughing

57
Q

How is visual acuity with hyphema?

A

its decreased

58
Q

Hyphema

A

blood in anterior chamber of eye, cause by trauma, refer to opthalmologist

59
Q

Episcleritis

A

benign inflammatory of sclera

60
Q

Is Episcleritis bilateral or unilateral?

A

bila

61
Q

Episcleritis s/s

A

no discharge, lactimation, photophobia

62
Q

photophobia

A

intolerance of light

63
Q

Scleritis

A

inflammation of sclera that can result in severe destructive disease

64
Q

Scleritis s/s and is it unilateral or bilateral?

A

painful, “boring” pain, unilateral, photophobia

65
Q

what do we check for with scleritis?

A

autoimmune diseases!

66
Q

Keratitis

A

infection of cornea

67
Q

what happens to visual acuity with Keratitis?

A

decreases

68
Q

Keratitis s/s

A

discharge, cornea cloudy

69
Q

If Blepharitis does not resolve in a month what do you do?

A

biopsy

70
Q

open angle glaucoma and s/s

A

parcial blockage, fluid is slow to get out

tunnel vision, cupping of otic disk, halos

71
Q

closed angle glaucoma and s/s

A

full blockage of fluid

halos, visual acuity decreased

72
Q

acute glaucoma

A

sudden closer of canal

73
Q

herpetic infection of cornea s/s (visual acuity)

A

pain, photophobia, cliliary flush, visul acuity decreased

74
Q

Periorbital/ orbital cellulitis

A

infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue around eye

75
Q

which is a medical emergency periorbital or orbital cellulitis?

A

orbital we need to do a CT scan

76
Q

Iritis

A

inflammation of iris, aching pain, blurred vision, tearing, need a referral!

77
Q

both need referrals but what is more of an emergency acute closed-angle glaucoma or open angle?

A

acute closed

78
Q

typical symptoms of glaucoma?

A

halos

79
Q

How do we treat glaucoma?

A

we give them medications to constrict pupils, example beta blockers

80
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

decrease production of aqueous humor (treatment for glaucoma)

81
Q

which medications should you avoid for glaucoma?

A

anticholinergic meds because they can dilate pupils and we don’t want that!

82
Q

Macular degeneration

A

atrophy of retinal pigmentation and neovascularization. You loose central vision

83
Q

cataracts

A

blurred vision!

84
Q

what is fluorescein angiography used for in macular degeneration testing?

A

to differentiate between atropic and neovascular

85
Q

s/s diabetic retinopathy

A

wool spots, lipid deposits, microaneurysms

86
Q

Detatched retina treatment

A

draining fluid, cryosurgery, laser therapy, scleral buckling, inserting gas

87
Q

scleral buckling

A

Treatment of detached retina:

holds choroid & retina together

88
Q

Diathermy

A

treatment of detached retina:

use of electrode needle and heat to stimulate inflammatory response

89
Q

Enucleation

A

removal of entire eyeball

90
Q

exenteration

A

removal of eyeball, surrounding tissue and bone

91
Q

Ishihara test

A

test for colorblindness

92
Q

a lens that is too thin will cause an object to focus behind retina, directly on retina or infront of retina?

A

behind the retina

93
Q

The conjunctiva over the cornea becomes swollen is called

A

Chemosis

Patho (20 decks)

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