Eyes Flashcards
1
Q
external layer of eye
A
sclera, cornea
2
Q
sclera
A
white tissue
3
Q
cornea
A
transparent layer
4
Q
middle layer
A
choroid, ciliary body, iris
5
Q
choroid
A
supplies nutrients to retina
6
Q
ciliary body
A
helps give eye its shape
7
Q
iris
A
eye color
8
Q
internal layer
A
retina
9
Q
retina
A
fibers of the optic nerve are distributed here
10
Q
what is the retina boarded by?
A
chorotis and sclera
11
Q
rods & cones are in which part of the eye?
A
retina
12
Q
rods
A
peripheral vision
13
Q
cones
A
color vision
14
Q
vitreous
A
responsible for shape of eye (along with ciliary body)
15
Q
optic disk
A
blind spot, optic nerve enters/exits at this area
16
Q
fova centralis
A
acute vision occurs
17
Q
Lacrimal gland
A
produces tears
18
Q
aqueous humor anterior chamber lies where?
A
between cornea and iris
19
Q
aqueous humor posterior chamber lies where?
A
between iris and lens
20
Q
canal of schlemm
A
extends around eye, allows fluid to drain
21
Q
lens
A
bends ray of light to fall into retina
22
Q
pupils
A
control amount of light that goes to retina
23
Q
do pupils dilate or constrict at night? light?
A
night=dilate, light=contrict
24
Q
conjunctivae
A
located over sclera
25
which nerve is responsible for sensory?
Cranial nerve II
26
rectus muscles turn toward...
turns toward temporal
27
oblique muscles turn towards
nasal
28
what happens to pupils during accommodation when looking at a distance?
dilate
29
what happens to pupils during accommodation when looking at something close?
constrict
30
light procedure for pupils
pt is took look straight ahead while examiner flashes light from each side into eye
31
accommodation procedure for pupils
pt is to look straight aheads in distance & then is to focus on something close
32
fluorescein angiography
put something in blood vessels so you can see it
33
fluorescein staining
put something on vessel and shine light into it
34
Ambler testing
tests for macular degeneration
35
hyperopia
farshighted
36
myopia
nearshited
37
who gets convened lens?
farsighted people
38
who gets concave lens?
nearshited
39
confrontation exam
pt covers one eye while examiner covers the same eye
40
cataracts
opacity of lens, no red reflex
41
astigmatism
more than one focal point
42
is visual acuity affected with contusions?
no
43
Exopthalmos
BIG EYE BALLS, d/t hyperthyroidism
44
Dacryocytosis
infection of lacrimal sac d/t an obstruction
45
diagnostics for dacryocytosis
CBC, leukocytosis
46
Blepharitis
most common inflammation of eyelid
47
Blepharitis s/s
lids inflamed, oily secretions, visual acuity okay, loss of lashes (late)
48
Chalazion and s/s
indurated lesion, painless, chronic
49
entropion
lid is turned inward
50
extropion
lid is turned outward
51
entropion/extropion can cause what?
tearing
52
difference between bacterial & viral conjunctivitis?
bacterial has a lot of discharge, viral does not
53
If there is no improvement of bacterial & viral conjunctivitis, what do you order?
C and S, gram stain
54
What do you see on chronic allergic conjunctivitis?
abrasions on cornea
55
which is worse with chemical conjunctivitis, alkaline chemicals or acidotic chemicals?
alkaline burns worse so thats why we do PH testing to see which it is!
56
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage, what is it and how does it develop?
small blood rupture in the conjunctival tissue, develops after straining or coughing
57
How is visual acuity with hyphema?
its decreased
58
Hyphema
blood in anterior chamber of eye, cause by trauma, refer to opthalmologist
59
Episcleritis
benign inflammatory of sclera
60
Is Episcleritis bilateral or unilateral?
bila
61
Episcleritis s/s
no discharge, lactimation, photophobia
62
photophobia
intolerance of light
63
Scleritis
inflammation of sclera that can result in severe destructive disease
64
Scleritis s/s and is it unilateral or bilateral?
painful, "boring" pain, unilateral, photophobia
65
what do we check for with scleritis?
autoimmune diseases!
66
Keratitis
infection of cornea
67
what happens to visual acuity with Keratitis?
decreases
68
Keratitis s/s
discharge, cornea cloudy
69
If Blepharitis does not resolve in a month what do you do?
biopsy
70
open angle glaucoma and s/s
parcial blockage, fluid is slow to get out
tunnel vision, cupping of otic disk, halos
71
closed angle glaucoma and s/s
full blockage of fluid
halos, visual acuity decreased
72
acute glaucoma
sudden closer of canal
73
herpetic infection of cornea s/s (visual acuity)
pain, photophobia, cliliary flush, visul acuity decreased
74
Periorbital/ orbital cellulitis
infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue around eye
75
which is a medical emergency periorbital or orbital cellulitis?
orbital we need to do a CT scan
76
Iritis
inflammation of iris, aching pain, blurred vision, tearing, need a referral!
77
both need referrals but what is more of an emergency acute closed-angle glaucoma or open angle?
acute closed
78
typical symptoms of glaucoma?
halos
79
How do we treat glaucoma?
we give them medications to constrict pupils, example beta blockers
80
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decrease production of aqueous humor (treatment for glaucoma)
81
which medications should you avoid for glaucoma?
anticholinergic meds because they can dilate pupils and we don't want that!
82
Macular degeneration
atrophy of retinal pigmentation and neovascularization. You loose central vision
83
cataracts
blurred vision!
84
what is fluorescein angiography used for in macular degeneration testing?
to differentiate between atropic and neovascular
85
s/s diabetic retinopathy
wool spots, lipid deposits, microaneurysms
86
Detatched retina treatment
draining fluid, cryosurgery, laser therapy, scleral buckling, inserting gas
87
scleral buckling
Treatment of detached retina:
| holds choroid & retina together
88
Diathermy
treatment of detached retina:
| use of electrode needle and heat to stimulate inflammatory response
89
Enucleation
removal of entire eyeball
90
exenteration
removal of eyeball, surrounding tissue and bone
91
Ishihara test
test for colorblindness
92
a lens that is too thin will cause an object to focus behind retina, directly on retina or infront of retina?
behind the retina
93
The conjunctiva over the cornea becomes swollen is called
Chemosis
