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Patho > Hematology: Clotting & Bleeding Disorders > Flashcards

Hematology: Clotting & Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

do platelets have nuclei?

A

no

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2
Q

first line of defense against blood loss?

A

platelets

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3
Q

enlarged spleens have low or high platelet count and why?

A

low b/c platelets are trapped

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4
Q

classic sign of low platelet count?

A

petechiae

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5
Q

Thrombocytopenia s/s

A

petechiae, purpura (subcutaneous bleeding, ecchymosis (bruising), bleeding, painful joints

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6
Q

purpura

A

large subcutaneous bleeding

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7
Q

ecchymosis

A

brusing

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8
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

an abnormal decrease in # of platelets

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9
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

A

increased destruction of platelets b/c of anti platelet antibodies (Its an autoimmune response)

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10
Q

acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) onset

A

affects children

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11
Q

chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) onset

A

affects adults

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12
Q

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

A

combo of thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

what happens with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

A

blood clots occur

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14
Q

s/s of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

A

fever, renal failure, neurologic symptoms: confusion, h/a, seizures, death

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15
Q

causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

A

alcoholism, HIV, congenital syphilis, maternal viral infection, cancer

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16
Q

what does it mean if there is an increase in Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)?

A

body is making plts=you don’t need a blood transfusion

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17
Q

Thrombocythemia

A

increased number of platelets

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18
Q

causes of thrombocythemia

A

acute stress, anemia, polycythemia vera, chronic inflammatory diseases, its where spleen is removed

19
Q

Thrombocytopathy

A

normal amount of plts but they don’t clot

20
Q

which drugs cause thrombocytopathy (plts can’t clot)

A

ASA, antihistamines, NSAIDS

21
Q

what chronic problem can thrombocytopathy cause?

A

chronic renal failure

22
Q

hemostasis

A

the stopping of the flow of blood

23
Q

hemostasis process

A

vasospasm (to reduce blood loss) formation of platelet plug & development of a fibrin clot

24
Q

von Willebrand factor

A

protein that helps platelets clot

25
Q

clotting cascade: extrinsic pathway

A

starts when blood is exposed to tissue

26
Q

clotting cascade: intrinsic pathway

A

starts when blood comes in contact with college in the damaged vessel wall

27
Q

clotting cascade: common pathway forms at what level?

A

10

28
Q

fibrinolysis

A

breakdown of fibrin

29
Q

plasmin

A

protein that lyses fibrin

30
Q

Tissue Plasminogen Activators (TPA) is activated only when what is present?

A

active only in the presence of fibrin

31
Q

fibrin

A

helps with clots

32
Q

PT; which pathways are examined?

A

used to monitor coumadin levels, looks at extrinsic & common pathway in clotting

33
Q

aPTT; which pathways are examined?

A

used to monitor heparin therapy, looks at intrinsic & common pathway in clotting

34
Q

Virchow’s Triad:Thrombosis

A 
made up of 3 factors:
1.)decreased blood flow
2.)vessel injury
3.) Changes in intrinsic properties of blood
 (hyper coagulability)
35
Q

Hemophilia

A

lack of factor 8, sex-linked recessive

36
Q

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)

A

lack of factor 9

37
Q

female genome

A

XX

38
Q

male genome

A

XY

39
Q

s/s Hemophilia

A

joint swelling, pain, limited ROM

40
Q

Hemophilia treatment

A

factor 8 fresh dozen plasma

41
Q

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

A

clotting & hemmorage occur at same time

42
Q

causes of DIC

A

sepsis, postpartum hemorrhage, ca, burns, shock, gram - sepsis

43
Q

DIC labs (D-dimer and fibrinogen)

A

increased D-dimer, decreased fibrinogen

44
Q

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is what kind of immune response?

A

autoimmune

Patho (20 decks)

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