Hematology: Clotting & Bleeding Disorders

Question 1

do platelets have nuclei?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

first line of defense against blood loss?

Answer 2

platelets

Question 3

enlarged spleens have low or high platelet count and why?

Answer 3

low b/c platelets are trapped

Question 4

classic sign of low platelet count?

Answer 4

petechiae

Question 5

Thrombocytopenia s/s

Answer 5

petechiae, purpura (subcutaneous bleeding, ecchymosis (bruising), bleeding, painful joints

Question 6

purpura

Answer 6

large subcutaneous bleeding

Question 7

ecchymosis

Answer 7

brusing

Question 8

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 8

an abnormal decrease in # of platelets

Question 9

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP)

Answer 9

increased destruction of platelets b/c of anti platelet antibodies (Its an autoimmune response)

Question 10

acute Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) onset

Answer 10

affects children

Question 11

chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) onset

Answer 11

affects adults

Question 12

Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

Answer 12

combo of thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia

Question 13

what happens with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

Answer 13

blood clots occur

Question 14

s/s of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

Answer 14

fever, renal failure, neurologic symptoms: confusion, h/a, seizures, death

Question 15

causes of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (TTP)

Answer 15

alcoholism, HIV, congenital syphilis, maternal viral infection, cancer

Question 16

what does it mean if there is an increase in Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)?

Answer 16

body is making plts=you don’t need a blood transfusion

Question 17

Thrombocythemia

Answer 17

increased number of platelets

Question 18

causes of thrombocythemia

Answer 18

acute stress, anemia, polycythemia vera, chronic inflammatory diseases, its where spleen is removed

Question 19

Thrombocytopathy

Answer 19

normal amount of plts but they don’t clot

Question 20

which drugs cause thrombocytopathy (plts can’t clot)

Answer 20

ASA, antihistamines, NSAIDS

Question 21

what chronic problem can thrombocytopathy cause?

Answer 21

chronic renal failure

Question 22

hemostasis

Answer 22

the stopping of the flow of blood

Question 23

hemostasis process

Answer 23

vasospasm (to reduce blood loss) formation of platelet plug & development of a fibrin clot

Question 24

von Willebrand factor

Answer 24

protein that helps platelets clot

Question 25

clotting cascade: extrinsic pathway

Answer 25

starts when blood is exposed to tissue

Question 26

clotting cascade: intrinsic pathway

Answer 26

starts when blood comes in contact with college in the damaged vessel wall

Question 27

clotting cascade: common pathway forms at what level?

Answer 27

10

Question 28

fibrinolysis

Answer 28

breakdown of fibrin

Question 29

plasmin

Answer 29

protein that lyses fibrin

Question 30

Tissue Plasminogen Activators (TPA) is activated only when what is present?

Answer 30

active only in the presence of fibrin

Question 31

fibrin

Answer 31

helps with clots

Question 32

PT; which pathways are examined?

Answer 32

used to monitor coumadin levels, looks at extrinsic & common pathway in clotting

Question 33

aPTT; which pathways are examined?

Answer 33

used to monitor heparin therapy, looks at intrinsic & common pathway in clotting

Question 34

Virchow's Triad:Thrombosis

Answer 34

``` made up of 3 factors: 1.)decreased blood flow 2.)vessel injury 3.) Changes in intrinsic properties of blood (hyper coagulability) ```

Question 35

Hemophilia

Answer 35

lack of factor 8, sex-linked recessive

Question 36

Hemophilia B (Christmas disease)

Answer 36

lack of factor 9

Question 37

female genome

Answer 37

XX

Question 38

male genome

Answer 38

XY

Question 39

s/s Hemophilia

Answer 39

joint swelling, pain, limited ROM

Question 40

Hemophilia treatment

Answer 40

factor 8 fresh dozen plasma

Question 41

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

Answer 41

clotting & hemmorage occur at same time

Question 42

causes of DIC

Answer 42

sepsis, postpartum hemorrhage, ca, burns, shock, gram - sepsis

Question 43

DIC labs (D-dimer and fibrinogen)

Answer 43

increased D-dimer, decreased fibrinogen

Question 44

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura (ITP) is what kind of immune response?

Answer 44

autoimmune