Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho > Hematology: Red Blood Cell Disorders > Flashcards

Hematology: Red Blood Cell Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Transferrin

A

carries iron to bone marrow where Hgb synthesized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do the liver and spleen do to the old RBCs?

A

phagocytize (ingest) andTota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Reticulocyte count

A

shows if bone marrow is working

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hemoglobin

A

protein that delivers oxygen to the cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

A

average amount of hemoglobin found in RBC in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Erythropoietin

A

made by kidneys, stimulates the proliferation of red blood cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stage of Reticulocyte in RBC

A

last immature stage of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the most reliable measure of RBC production

A

Reticulocyte count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a good indicator of bone marrow function?

A

Reticulocyte count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hematocrit

A

% of RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what happens to MCV, MCH and vit B12 levels with iron deficiency anemia?

A

everything is low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

anisocytosis description and cause

A

abnormal size, caused by severe anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

poikilocytosis description and cause

A

abnormal shape, caused by severe anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Target cells description and cause

A

cells dark center + periphery & clear ring inbetween, caused by liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sickle cell description and cause

A

cresent-shaped red blood cell, caused by sickle cell anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lysis

A

cell destruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

macrocytic

A

large RBCs (Increased MCV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

normocytic

A

normal size RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

microcytic

A

small RBCs (decreased MCV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

hyperchromic

A

too much Hgb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Normochronic

A

normal amounts of Hgb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hypochromic

A

too little Hgb (decreased MCHC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Production defect

A

lack of necessary building blocks to make RBCs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Destruction defect

A

bone marrow destruction or hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

genetic defects in Hemoglobin

A

sickle cell anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Anemias caused by Red cell production disorders

A

Deficiency of essential elements, bone marrow disease, nutritional deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Anemias caused by an excessive loss of RBCs

A

chronic blood loss, acute blood loss, excessive cell lysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

examples of excessive cell lysis (destruction)

A

hemodialysis, hypersplenism, hemoglobinopathies, intravascular hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what is the normal response of a reticulocyte count to be in the presence of anemia?

A

high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Iron deficiency anemia labs

A

MCV decreased
MCHC decreased
Hgb decreased
Normal/increased RDW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

average amount of Fe in diet

A

10-20 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how much of Fe is absorbed in intestines?

A

1-2mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

500-1500mg of Fe is stored as what?

A
  • Ferritin in liver, spleen and bone marrow

- Myoglobin in muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

what is iron necessary for?

A

hemoglobin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what does a serum iron test measure?

A

iron bound to transferrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

what is the gold standard for iron stores?

A

bone marrow exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a low serum ferritin rules in or out iron deficiency anemia?

A

rules in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

a high serum ferritin essentially rules in or out iron deficiency?

A

rules out **only in the absence of inflammatory condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

is ferritin levels affected by blood transfusions?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

how long does it take to increase ferritin levels with iron supplements?

A

2-3 weeks po and 24 hours IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

what affects transferrin?

A

inflammation, loss of protein, nutritional status and liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Transferrin concentration

A

globulin in the blood that binds and transports iron. 1/2 life = 1 week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Transferrin saturation and is this increased of decreased with iron deficiency anemia?

A

the sites on transferrin that are attached to iron. This is decreased in iron deficiency anemia because there isnt alot of iron to go around since its deficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

normal transferrin saturation

A

20-50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Iron deficiency anemia cause

A
  • impaired production of RBC
  • low iron intake
  • problems with iron absorption
  • chronic blood loss
46
Q

poorly understood s/s of iron-deficiency anemia

A

brittle nails,, glossitis (smooth red sore tounge), web in upper esophagus, pica

47
Q

key sign of iron-deficiency anemia

48
Q

what will labs look like in iron deficiency anemia?

A

Decreased:
MCV, MCHC, serum ferritin & transferrin saturation

Increased:
serum transferrin & total iron binding capacity

49
Q

Megaloblastic Anemias

A

impaired synthesis of DNA resulting in enlarged RBC (Macrocytic)

50
Q

megaloblastic anemias are most often d/t what?

A

vit B12 deficiency or folate deficiency

51
Q

Are megaloblastic anemias RBcs small or large?

A

large with a decreased lifespan and few in number

52
Q

where is vit B 12 absorbed

A

terminal ileum

53
Q

Vit B 12 is only absorbed when in complex with what?

A

intrinsic factor which is secreted by parietal cells of gastric mucosa

54
Q

large store of vit B 12 is located where

55
Q

are MMA and homocysteine increased or decreased with vit B 12 deficiency?

56
Q

which is more specific MMA or homocysteine in vit B 12 deficiency?

57
Q

causes of Vit B12 deficiency

A

pernicious anemia, total gastrectomy (removes intrinsic factor), atropic gastritis, vegetarian diet, chronic alcoholism, sprue & celiac disease, resection of ileum

58
Q

what deficiency is seen with myeloproliferative disorders, liver disease & bacterial overgrowth syndrome?

59
Q

normal vit B12

A

100-700pg/ml

60
Q

pernicious anemia

A

inadequate production of intrinsic factor

61
Q

the presence of antiparietal cell antibodies does not rule in what?

A

do not rule in pernicious anemia

62
Q

s/s of vit B12 deficiency

A

hypoxemia, premature grey hair, vitiligo, low BP, lemon colored skin, low grade fever, yelloe-blue color blindness

63
Q

early neurologic signs of vit B12 deficiency

A

inability to preform fine movements, Loss of vibratory sense

64
Q

progressive neurologic signs of vit B12 deficiency

A

paresthesias (numbness & tingling), weakness, uncoordination, ataxia, personality changes

65
Q

late neurologic signs of vit B12 deficiency

A

urinary/fecal incontinence, spastic paralysis, confusion psychosis

66
Q

vit B 12 deficiency lab values

A

macrocytic (increased MCV), normochromic (normal amount of Hgb), decreased B12

67
Q

folic acid deficiency causes

A

alcohol use, pregnancy, certain folic acid antagonists

68
Q

folic acid deficiency lab values

A

macrocytic (increased MCV), normochromic (normal amount of Hgb), decrease in serum folate

69
Q

do you have neurologic symptoms with folic acid deficiency?

70
Q

treatment for folic acid deficiency

A

1mg daily for 1-4 months

71
Q

what else do you test when looking at folate (folic acid)deficiency

A

B12 deficiency

72
Q

causes of aplastic anemia?

A

radiation, chemo, tumor cells, myelodysplatic syndromes

73
Q

normocytic anemia

A

anemia in which RBC are normal

74
Q

Normocytic anemia examples

A

aplastic, cut blood loss, anemia of inflammation, hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinopathies

75
Q

s/s of aplastic anemia

A

hypoxemia, decreased bone marrow, decreased WBC & PLT

76
Q

what is most important treatment for chronic anemia?

A

treat the cause!

77
Q

anemia with inflammation (normocytic anemia example) is seen with what problems?

A

malignancy, chronic infection or inflammation

78
Q

therapy for anemia of inflammation?

A

no known therapy

79
Q

what other diseases are associated with anemia of inflammation?

A

renal insufficiency, liver disease, chronic inflammation, Endocrinopathies, acute bacterial infection, ICU pts

80
Q

Hemolytic anemia ( Normocytic anemia example) that is inherited causes

A

sickle cell, thalassemia, G6PD

81
Q

Hemolytic anemia (Normocytic anemia example) that is acquired causes

A

drugs-sulfas, infection, transfusion rxn

82
Q

s/s of Hemolytic anemia (normocytic anemia example )

A

hypoxemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, organ damage, hepatomegaly

83
Q

treatment for hemolytic anemia (normocytic anemia example)

A

increase fluids, steroids, remove spleen, oxygen therapy

84
Q

what does a direct coombs test looks for?

A

antibodies attached to RBCs

85
Q

what is a direct coombs test used for?

A

to confirm a diagnoses of hemolytic anemia

86
Q

what does an indirect coombs test look for?

A

presence of antibodies in the patients serum

87
Q

what is a indirect coombs test used for?

A

to screen for Rh factor

88
Q

Hemoglobinuria definition and when is it elevated?

A

excretion of free hemoglobin in urine–its elevated if hemolysis is intravascular

89
Q

Bilirubin

A

made from hemoglobin which is carried to liver to be excreted

90
Q

sickle cell anemia is what kind of genetic order

(recessive/dominant?

A

autosomal recessive disorder

91
Q

autosomal

A

any chromosome other than the sex (X& Y)

92
Q

sickle cell anemia has what kind of abnormal hemoglobin?

A

hemoglobin S

93
Q

life span of a sickle cell

A

15-20 days

94
Q

what makes a sickle cell anemia pt symptomatic?

A

hypoxia
dehydration
acidosis

95
Q

Hgb F in sickle cell pts

A

don’t have a problem with sickling until 6 months of age

96
Q

why is sickle cell anemia painful?

A

blood vessels become occluded

97
Q

sickle cell anemia complications

A 
stroke
splenic sequestration
avascular necrosis
aplastic crisis
 cardiomegaly(enlarged heart)
98
Q

aplastic crisis in sickle cell anemia

A

bone marrow shuts down and pt becomes anemic

99
Q

what is used to confirm sickle cell anemia?

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis, increase in bilirubin

100
Q

hemoglobin electrophpresis

A

looking for hemoglobin S

101
Q

Hereditary Spherocytosis anemia is what kind of genetic disorder? (recessive or dominate?

A

autosomal dominate hemolytic anemia

102
Q

s/s polycythemia vera

A

purplish skin, mucous membranes very red, bloodshot eyes, splenomegaly (huge spleen)

103
Q

treatment for polycythemia vera

A

bloodletting, radiation

104
Q

polycythemia vera

A

overproduction of RBCs

105
Q

If Iron stores are decreased what happens to Transferrin levels?

106
Q

If Iron stores are increased what happens to Transferrin levels?

107
Q

Total Binding Capacity

A

The amount transferrin in the blood, this is increased because your body tries to compensate by making more iron carrying capacity

108
Q

Serum ferritin and will this be increased or decreased in iron deficiency anemia?

A

iron stores; decreased

109
Q

RBC

110
Q

Hgb

Patho (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions