Disorders of Endocrine System Flashcards
Posterior pituitary gland (neurohypophysis) hormones
ADH (vasopressin and antidiuretic hormone) and Oxytocin
pituitary gland hormones are triggered by what gland?
the hypothalamus
Thyroid gland location
anterior part of neck
thyroid gland function and which hormones do they produce?
controls rate of body metabolism and growth, produces T4 and T3 and thyrocalcitonin (calcitonin)
what does the thyroid gland require to work?
iodine
which cells specifically in they thyroid gland produce calcitonin?
parafollicular cells
enterohepatic circulation
reabsorption of the thyroid hormones from bile back into liver
Tertiary level and hormone that is secreted
Hypothalamus which secretes TRH (thyrotropin releasing hormone)
Secondary level and hormone that is secreted
Anterior pituitary which secretes TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone)
primary level and hormone that is secreted
thyroid which secretes T3 and T4
and increase in ATP does what to thyroid hormones?
increases it
Somatostatin dopamine is secreted by which gland and what does it do?
Hypothalamus, it inhibits the TRH and TSH secretion
How does the thyroid hormone affect the heart tissue?
it increases HR by increasing affinity of B-adrenergic receptors
How do the thyroid hormones affect adipose tissue?
it stimulates fat breakdown
How do the thyroid hormones affect muscle tissue?
it increases protein breakdown
How do the thyroid hormones affect bone?
promotes normal growth and accelerates bone turnover
How does the thyroid hormone affect the nervous system?
promotes brain development
How does the thyroid hormone affect the gut?
it increases rate of carbohydrates absorption
How does the thyroid hormone affect lipoproteins?
it stimulates formation of LDL receptors
Thyroid hormones need to bind to what?
proteins
what disease inhibits the binding of proteins and thyroid hormone together?
liver disease
which hormones are metabolically active, free t4 and T3 or protein bound T4 and T3?
free
the HPT axis regulation of thyroid is regulated by bound or unbound T3 and T4?
unbound –free
Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAI)
measures the absorption of iodine isotope to determine how the thyroid gland is functioning,
normal 5-35% in 24 hrs