female reproductive system Flashcards
the birth process is the easiest with which type of pelvis?
Gynecoid
android pelvis shape
wedge shape
anthropoid pelvis shape
oval shape
platypelloid pelvis shape
flat shaped with oval inlet
atresia
process of losing egg storage over time
Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis
process by which LH and FSH is released
ovarian hormones (LH and FSH) are released by which gland?
anterior pituitary gland
a surge in LH releases what?
egg
right before ovulation occurs (pre-ovulationn phase) what are LH, estrogen, FSH and progesterone levels?
LH high, estrogen high, FSH high and progesterone low
progesterone levels don’t get high until which phase?
post-ovulation phase
when does temp increase?
during ovulation
how many phases in menstrual cycle?
4, menstrual phase, pre-ovulation phase, ovulation, post-ovulation
how many phases in ovarian cycle?
2, follicular and luteal phases
follicular phase
FSH is released, LH is secreted follicule is released into peritoneal cavity
where is egg released during ovulation?
peritoneal cavity
luteal phase
corpus luteum is formed, estrogen and progesterone secreted, egg is destroyed if not fertilized
menstrual phase of uterine cycle
4-6 days of bleeding, FSH rises to start new cycle
proliferative phase of uterine cycle
estrogen and LH increases, FSH decreases
secretory phases of uterine cycle
lasts 12 days, progesterone and estrogen secreted
what does progesterone prepare endometrium for?
pregnancy
estrogen 1 and 2 are implicated in?
breast cancer
which type of estrogen is most common in post-menopausal years?
E1-Estrone
which type of estrogen is most potent and most abundant during premenopausal years?
E2- Estradiol
where does estrogen come from in post menopause?
adrenal gland
bone reabsorption is faster or slower under under influence of estrogen?
slower
how does estrogen affect cholesterol?
lowers it
amenorrhea
absence of menses for 6 months or more who are not menopausal
menorrhagia
bleeding occurs at normal intervals but with heavy flow
metrorrhagia
irregular bleeding between cycles
menormetrorrhagia
heavy flow at irregular intervals
polymenorrhea
bleeding occurs at intervals <21 days
what can cause polymenorrhea?
defects of luteal-phase defect
oligomenorrhea
bleeding occurs at intervals of >35 days
what can cause oligomenorrhea?
prolonged follicular phas
post-menopausal bleeding
bleeding occurs at least 1 year after cessation of menstrual cycle
primary amenorrhea
no period by 16 (d/t gonadal failure, obstruction)
secondary amenorrhea
no period for 6 months d/t hormonal imbalance (pregnancy, tumor, thyroid dysfunction)
causes of menorrhagia
tumors, PID, failure to ovulate
causes of metrorrhagia
abnormal build up and sloughing of endometrial tissue
endometriosis
endometrial tissue from uterus becomes embedded elsewhere
carcinoma of the endometrium occurs in which type of women?
post-menopausal women who have not had children
good thing about carcinoma in situ
lesion is self contained, will not metastasis
hydatiform mole
benign tumor of placenta, theres no fetus, Hcg will be high
choriocarcinoma
high malignant tumor of placenta! Hcg will be really high
serous tumor
fallopian tube cells
mucinous tumor
endocervix cells
endometroid
endometrium cells
peri-menopause stage of menopause
hot flashes
menopause
cessation of menses for 12 consecutive months
