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Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards > MuscSkCT - FA Anat/Phys p438 - 450 > Flashcards

MuscSkCT - FA Anat/Phys p438 - 450 Flashcards

1
Q

excess anterior gliding of tibia due to — injury. excess posterior gliding of tibia due to — injury.

A

ACL, PCl

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2
Q

Pain, “popping” on external rotation is due to — during what exam?

A

medial meniscal tear McMurray test

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3
Q

valgus force causes — space widening of tibia Ž— injury.

A

(lateral = valgus) medial MCL

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4
Q

lateral or medial meniscus injury is more common?

A

lateral

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5
Q

A carpet layer complains of pain in his knees during day but not at night and rapid swelling on the front of kneecap. what is the path?

A

Prepatellar bursitis

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6
Q

Another name for Baker’s cyst?

A

popliteal cyst, (can also be associated with Lyme disease and RA)

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7
Q

Pt fails the “empty/full can” test and therefore the — muscle can not raise the arm to — degree.

A

Supraspinatus (suprascapular nerve) up to 15 degree before Deltoid takes over

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8
Q

Name all the Rotator cuff muscles and their function?

A

Supraspinatus - (suprascapular nerve) abducts arm initially Infraspinatus - laterally rotates arm teres minor (axillary nerve)—adducts and laterally rotates arm. ƒƒSubscapularis (upper and lower subscapular nerves)—medially rotates and adducts arm.

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9
Q

Name all the wrist bones?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform, Hamate, Capitate, Trapezoid, Trapezium A . (So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb).

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10
Q

Repetitive flexion (forehand shots) can cause what injury?

A

Medial epicondylitis

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11
Q

— is classically seen in cyclists due to pressure from handlebars. Which nerve is involved?

A

Guyon canal syndrome Compression of ulnar nerve

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12
Q

Repetitive extension (backhand shots) can cause what injury?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

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13
Q

— is the most commonly fractured carpal bone and is prone to — owing to retrograde blood supply.

A

Scaphoid avascular necrosis

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14
Q

— is associated with pregnancy, rheumatoid arthritis, hypothyroidism; may be associated with repetitive use.

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

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15
Q

What nerve and at what level causes Flattened deltoid if injured?

A

Axillary (C5-C6)

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16
Q

Dislocation of — may cause acute carpal tunnel syndrome.

A

lunate

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17
Q

Pt can’t supinate or flex forearm and has loss of sensation over lateral forearm. Nerve and levels?

A

Musculocutaneous (C5-C7) lose biceps reflex

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18
Q

A fall on an outstretched hand that damages the —- can cause ulnar nerve injury.

A

hook of the hamate

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19
Q

Which nerve does not cause a loss of sensation from an arm injury?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1) “Ape hand”

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20
Q

Pt has post Tinel sign. what is the Dx and what n./level?

A

(tingling on percussion) in carpal tunnel syndrome Median (C5-T1) “Ape hand” and “Pope’s blessing”

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21
Q

Pt with decr grip strength and loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm after using crutches. What n. at what levels?

A

due to compression of axilla —Radial n (C5-T1)

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22
Q

Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion (proximal lesion)

A

Ulnar (C8-T1) “Ulnar claw” on digit extension

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23
Q

a boy brought in because he cannot do fine movements of his right hand. He was climbing a tree and he fell from a branch. He tried to grab a branch with his right hand. what injury? 1. radial 2. axillary 3. lower trunk of brachial plexus 4. suprascapular nerve

A

3

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24
Q

Same boy brought in again this time by his nanny. She said as they were taking a walk, he did not see a huge hole so he almost fell in, so she had to pull the child up while his hand was extended and pronated, what nerve injury? 1, median 2. radial 3. ulnar 4. axillary

A

radial nursemaid elbow

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25
Q

lets talk about different fractures of humerus! 1. supracondylar 2. surgical 3. midshaft

A
  1. median 2. axillary 3. radial
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26
Q

Which n. affected? 1. lateral epicondyle fracture 2. medial epicondyle fracture

A
  1. later is median 2. medial is ulnar
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27
Q

a football player, blow to his shoulder while he was trying to throw a ball. his deltioid is flattened, no >15 degree abduction. What kind of sensation loss?

A

axillary N loss of sensation over deltoid and lateral arm

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28
Q

you are examining a patient and you know he cannot flex his elbow (forearm flexors injury). you check the nerves and his musculocutaneous nerve is fine. What muscle is injured?

A

brachioradialis by radial nerve MC is for biceps brachii and brachialis

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29
Q

name 3 muscles that MC innervate

A

brachialis coracobrachialis bicep brachii

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30
Q

name 3 muscles of forearm flexors

A

Brachialis, Bicep brachii, brachioradialis

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31
Q

interscalene nerve block was performed while trying to repair upper trunk injury, a patient suddenly develop ipsilateral diaphragmatic paralysis. why?

A

phrenic passes through interscalene sheath

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32
Q

A breast cancer patient develops what cancer after axillary LN ressection? and what type of nerve injury and what are the signs?

A

angioscarcoma long throacic nerve signs: winged scapula

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33
Q

Pudendal nerve block at where?

A

ischial spine

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34
Q

pudendal n. innervates what?

A

sensory: perineum motor: urethral and anal sphincters

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35
Q

Sensory of lateral and anterior thigh

A

lateral femoral cutaneous

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36
Q

what’s the origin of pudendal

A

S2-S4

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37
Q

muscle of inferior gluteal

A

maximus

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38
Q

what n. for minimus and medius?

A

sup gluteal

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39
Q

what n. for sensory of scrotum and labia major and medial thigh sensation?

A

genitofermoral L1-L2

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40
Q

whats for sensory of medial thigh and motor adduction

A

obturator

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41
Q

whats root for obturator?

A

L2-L4

42
Q

What is the nerve root for peroneal and tibial?

A

L4-S2 is peroneal L4-S3 is tibial

43
Q

pelvic surgery nerve injury?

A

obturator

44
Q

pelvic fracture?

A

femoral

45
Q

baker cysts?

A

tibial n - proximal lesion

46
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome

A

tibial n - distal lesion

47
Q

difficulty climbing stairs and cannot rise up from seated positon

A

inf gluteal n

48
Q

how can you cause superior gluteal injury?

A

intramuscular injection into upper medial gluteal region

49
Q

Location of proper IM injection in LL?

A

Superolateral quadrant of gluteal region

50
Q

Trendelenburg sign, explain?

A

sup gluteal contralateral hip drops when stand on ipsilateral. pelvic tilts bc weight bearing leg cannot maintain alignment of pelvis through hip abduction

51
Q

shoulder dislocation (anterior dislocation of humerus)

A

affects axillary n

52
Q

posterior hip dislocation

A

inf gluteal n

53
Q

thigh adduction - n?

A

obturator

54
Q

thigh abduction

A

sup gluteal n

55
Q

hip extension

A

inf gluteal n

56
Q

what does femoral nerve do?

A

hip flexion and leg extension (so opp of inf. gluteal)

57
Q

foot drop

A

common peroneal n

58
Q

wrist drop

A

radial n

59
Q

patient with trauma to lateral leg, only superficial fibular nerve in injured. what can he not do?

A

cannot evert + dec sensation of dorsum and distal third of anterior leg

60
Q

patient with charcot marie tooth, he has what type of symptoms?

A

foot drop due to common peroneal nerve involvement

61
Q

knee trauma penetrating injury

A

tibial n

62
Q

baker cysts is mostly associated with?

A

chronic inflammation

63
Q

greater sciatic foramen is divided by piriformis. what goes above(1) and what goes below (3) and which goes into lesser sciatic foramen

A

above is superior gluteal

below is siatic nerve, pudendal and inferior gluteal pudendal goes through lesser siatic

64
Q

disc generally herniate through which direction?

A

posterolaterally, bc of thin post longitudinal lig and thicker ant longitudinal lig

65
Q

herniation of L2-L3 affects which n?

A

L3

66
Q

Herniation @ what level = dec patellar reflex, weak knee extention

A

L3-L4

67
Q

herniation @ what level = weakness of dorsiflexion, difficulty in heel walking

A

L4-L5

68
Q

dec in Achilles reflex - which n affected

A

S1

69
Q

weakness of plantarflexion

A

S1

70
Q

lumbar puncture is performed?

A

L3-L4, L4-L5

71
Q

conus medullaris ends at

A

L1, L2

72
Q

Injury to axilla/lat thoracic wall affects which n/a?

A

long thoracic n, lat thoracic a

73
Q

injury to surgical neck of humerus affects which n/a?

A

axillary n, post circumflex a

74
Q

injury to midshaft humerus - which n/a?

A

radial N, deep brachial a

75
Q

injury to distal humerus/cubital fossa

A

median N, brachial a

76
Q

popliteal fossa

A

tibial N, popliteal A

77
Q

Posterior to medial mallious

A

Tibal and post. tibal

78
Q

medial epicondyle?

A

ulnar n

79
Q

cremaster reflex level

A

L1-L2

80
Q

anal sphincter level

A

S3 -S4

81
Q

achilles reflex

A

S1-S2

82
Q

triceps reflex?

A

C7-C8

83
Q

patellar reflex?

A

L3-L4

84
Q

biceps reflex?

A

C5-C6

85
Q

sensory to posterolateral leg

A

common peroneal nerve —> lateral sural cutaneous nerve

86
Q

Pudendal nerve block at where?

A

ischial n

87
Q

phosphorylation of myosin is done by what enzyme and will this lead to contraction or relaxation?

A

myosin light chain kinase, contraction

88
Q

dephosphorylation of myosin is done by what enzyme and what will this lead to?

A

myosin light chain phosphatase, relaxation

89
Q

inc Ca2+ calmodulin complex activates which enzyme?

A

myosin light chain kinase

90
Q

bones of axial and appendicular skeleton and base of skull are considered as what type of bone formation?

A

endochondral ossification

91
Q

where do u see membranous ossification?

A

bones of calvarium and facial bones

92
Q

woven bone is formed directly without

A

cartilage

93
Q

cartilaginous model of bone is first made by

A

chondrocytes

94
Q

Osteoblastic activity is measured by?

A

bone ALP
osteocalcin
propeptides of type I procollagen

95
Q

How do osteoclasts destroy bone? By secreting ____ & ____

A

by secreting H+ and collagenases

96
Q

____ decreases osteoclast activity

A

Osteoprotegerin , a RANK L decoy receptor, binds RANK-L.

97
Q

At low levels ___ stimulates osteoblasts and indirectly, osteoclasts. At high levels, the same ____ has catabolic effects

A

PTH

98
Q

_____ (-) apoptosis in bone forming osteoblasts and induces apoptosis in bone resorbing osteoclasts

A

Estrogen

99
Q

______ causes closure of epyphyseal plates during puberty

A

Estrogen

100
Q

_____ senses length and speed of musc stretch

_____ senses musc tension

A

Muscle spindle proprioceptic receptors

GTO (Golgi Tendon Organ)

Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards (63 decks)

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