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Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards > Micro facts from non Micro chapters/ hard to remember > Flashcards

Micro facts from non Micro chapters/ hard to remember Flashcards

1
Q

Strep Pyogenes - virulence factors

A
  1. Streptococcal chemokine protease - degrades IL-8 from neutrophils
  2. C5a peptidase - (-) C5a anaphylatoxin and (-) neutrophil chemotaxis
  3. M protein - binds serum factor H, destroying C3 convertase and (-) C3 opsonization
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2
Q

S. aureus Protein A function

A

binds Fc portion of IgG - to avoid opsonization

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3
Q

Pseudomonas stops complement how?

A

(-) C3a, C5a

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4
Q

How is pilli a virulence factor of Neisseria gon?

A

pilli are anti-phagocytic in this case ( as well as used for adherence)

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5
Q

List organisms that evade immune system by antigenic variation and how?

A
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6
Q

Diff in antigenic drift vs shift

A

Many viruses will mutate –> antigenic drift –> epidemics

ressortment of segmented virus genome –> antigenic shift –> pandemics

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7
Q

Mycobacterium TB - how do they survive IC?

A

sulfatides inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion,

Sulfatides - cause prod H2SO4 when they hydrolyze, live w/in cell in their own soup of sulfuric acid, (-) lysosomal fusion

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8
Q

Listeria - how do they survive IC?

A

escape from phagosome into cytoplasm before lysosomal fusion

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9
Q

Obligate IC microbes?

A

Viruses, Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Coxiella

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10
Q

Syncytial viruses - how do they survive IC? ex/

A

paramyxo, herpes virus, HIV

Avoid humoral immunity by moving cell to cell using fusion of cell mem (move from infected cell and fuse to non infected cell - avoid time spent EC)

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11
Q

Herpes virus, adeno virus, rubeola - how do they survive IC?

A

dec expression of MHC on infected cells, (-) Tc

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12
Q

Key IgA protease producers

A

enter via mucosal surfaces

H. influ

S. pneumo

N. gon/menin

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13
Q

Which microbes have type III secretion systems? what is it?

A

A toxin injection device - family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Chlamydia

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14
Q

Which bact has Invasins, fxn?

A

Ex/ yersinia pseudotuberculosis

Invasins - surface prot that promote binding and penetration of non-phagocytic cells.

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15
Q

Fxn of siderophores?

A

many bact produce these to allow them to chelate iron for energy

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16
Q

Collagenase - ex/ of bact, use

A

Breaks peptide bonds in collagen - Clostridium perfringens

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17
Q

Hyaluronidase - ex of bact, fxn?

A

Breaks down hyaluronic acid - S. pyogenes, C perfringens

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18
Q

Lecithinase - bact? fxn?

A

disrupts cell mem lecithin, leading to myconecrosis

ex. Clostridium perfringens

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19
Q

Streptokinase - bact? fxn?

A

dissolves fibrin clot - S. pyogenes

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20
Q

Streptodornase - bact? fxn?

A

breaks down DNA rel by dead cells and dec viscosity of pus - allowing for much more rapid spread thru tissues

  • Streptococcus
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21
Q

bact particles that (+) neutrophils

A
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22
Q

What is active component of LPS (endotoxin)? why can it not be converted into a toxoid?

A

Lipid A.

Endotoxins are heat stabile, can’t be conv to toxoid

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23
Q

Endotoxins are from which bact

A

G-

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24
Q

MoA of Endotoxin?

A

Bind to CD14 on mac and dendritic cells –> (+) overproduction of cytokines

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25
Q

In the case of Post strep GN - what type of HS? antibodies vs what?

A

HS-III

Immune complexes of Ab vs S. pyogenes serotypes M12 and M14, circulate w/ antigen and block small diam blood vessels

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26
Q

HS-IV - why do IC organisms cause this? ex/

A

IC organisms (-) cell mediated immunity

ex. TB, leprosy, Chlamydia PID

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27
Q

What is released on death of G+ bact? fxn?

A

peptidoglycan teichoic acid fragments, chemotactic for neutrophils

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28
Q

Why does Neisseria menin lead to such a rapid onset of endotoxin shock? sx?

A

Neisseria has an overproduction of outer membrane fragments –>petechial hemorrhage and ecchymoses of palate and skin from time of onset of malaise and fever.

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29
Q
A
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30
Q

Anaerobes grown in what media?

A

Thioglycolate

31
Q

Early complement def

A

Increased risk of severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections. Increased risk of
SLE

32
Q

Cornyebacterium grown in

A

Tellurite agar - dark grey/black colonies

Loeffler’s

33
Q

Terminal compliment deficience lead to inc susceptibility to ?

34
Q

________ of P aeruginosa generates ROS to kill competing pathogens.

35
Q

Interferons used to treat which microbial infection

A

HBV, HCV, condyloma acuminatum (HPV 6 11)

36
Q

Use of this drug is Associated with invasive CMV infection.

A

Mycophenolate

(-) IMD DH

37
Q

ASO titer or anti-DNase B antibodies indicate
recent ________ infection.

A

S. pyogenes

38
Q

CXR may showwidened mediastinum. - what pathogen?

A

Pulmonary anthrax can cause mediastinitis

39
Q

Fidaxomicin is a drug used to treat

A

C. diff (along with metro, vanco)

40
Q

Treatment of Nocardia vs Actinomyces

A

SNAP: Sulfonamides—Nocardia; Actinomyces—Penicillin

41
Q

What causes

  1. cervical lymphadenitis in
    children
  2. hand infection in aquarium
    handlers
A
  1. M scrofulaceum
  2. M marinum
42
Q 
Mycobacterium Sulfatides (surface glycolipids) inhibit
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.
A

Sulfatides (surface glycolipids) inhibit
phagolysosomal fusion.

43
Q

Reservoir of M. leprae in US

A

armadillos

44
Q

Clofazamine is used to treat what type of Mycobacterium?

A

Lepromatous form of M. leprae

45
Q

Which Neisseria is associated with Fitz Hughes Curtis and which with Waterhouse Freidrichsen?

A

N gonn - Fitz Hughes Curtis - Perihepatitis -infection and inflammation of liver capsule and “violin string” adhesions of peritoneum to liver

N. menin - Waterhouse-Friderichsen
syndrome (adrenal insufficiency, fever, DIC,
shock)

46
Q

rose spots on abdomen

A

Salmonella typhi - typhoid fever

47
Q

C. jejuni predisposes one to ?

A

Guillain-Barré syndrome and reactive arthritis.

48
Q

H. pylori predisposes one to what diseases?

A

peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and MALT lymphoma.

49
Q

calf myalgia, photophobia, and red eyes (no exudate)

A

Leptospira- hawaiian surfers

50
Q

Why do Beta lactams not work on Chlamydia?

A

The chlamydial cell wall lacks classic
peptidoglycan (due to reduced muramic acid),
rendering β-lactam antibiotics ineffective.

51
Q

How to diff between Anaplasma and Ehrlichiosis?

A

Ehrlichia, Monocytes with
morulae (mulberry-like inclusions) in
cytoplasm.

Anaplasmosis - Granulocytes with
morulae in cytoplasm.

52
Q

Causes of cold agglutinins

A

Cold agglutinin disease - autoimmune hemolytic
anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis, CLL

53
Q

Candida leads to endocarditis in this patient pop?

A

IV drug users

54
Q

Aflatoxins produce by aspergillus leads to inc risk of what cancer?

55
Q

soap bubble lesions in the brain

A

Cryptococcus encephalitis

56
Q

Disc-shaped yeast seen on
methenamine silver stain of lung tissue or with fluorescent antibody.

A

Pneumocystis

57
Q

flask shaped ulcers in colon

A

Entamoeba histolytica

58
Q

2 diseases that lead to ⊝ heterophile antibody test MONO - ?

A

CMV
and Toxoplasma in immunocompetent host

59
Q

Unilateral periorbital swelling vs bilat

A

T. cruzi

bilat - Trichinella

60
Q

spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly,
pancytopenia

A

Visceral leishmaniasis

(kala-azar)

61
Q

Assoc with cholangiocarcinoma

A

Clonorchis sinensis

62
Q

Herpes virus acquire envelopes from ?

A

Herpesviruses acquire envelopes from
nuclear membrane. - all other viruses from plasma membrane

63
Q

high fevers for several days that can cause seizures,
followed by diffuse macular rash (starts on
trunk then spreads to extremities)

A

HHV 6 and 7 - Roseola infantum
fever first, rash later

64
Q

Councilman bodies (eosinophilic apoptotic globules) on liver biopsy.

A

Hepatitis A (Picorna), Yellow fever (flavivirus)

65
Q

Leads to villous atrophy –> dec Na absorption and loss of K+

A

Rota virus (Reo - ds DNA linear, 10-12 segments)

66
Q

cytoplasmic inclusions of Rabies virus (negri bodies) found where?

A

found in Purkinje cells of cerebellum and
in hippocampal neurons.

67
Q

Which Hepatitis is associated with

aplastic anemia

vs autoimmune hemolytic anemia

A

HepB aplastic

Hep C AIHA

68
Q

What glomerulonephritis is assoc with Hepatitis

A

HBV - Membranous

HCV - Membranoproliferative

69
Q

What vasculitis is assoc w. Hep B vs C

A

Hep B - PAN
HCV - leukocytoclastic vasculitis

70
Q

Derm sx of HCV?

A

PCT, lichen planus

71
Q

Organisms typically not covered by 1st–4th
generation cephalosporins

A

are LAME:
Listeria, Atypicals (Chlamydia, Mycoplasma),
MRSA, and Enterococci.

72
Q

Supplement K+ and Mg2+ because of altered
renal tubule permeability. - Fungal Rx

A

Amphotericin B

Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards (63 decks)

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