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Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards > Cardio - FA Patho p 304 - 312 303 > Flashcards

Cardio - FA Patho p 304 - 312 303 Flashcards

1
Q

What path is associated with systolic regurg’n murmur, balloon appearence is CXR?

A

dilated cardiomyopathy

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2
Q

What path is assoc with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscle weakness, loss of DTR, vibratory sense, and proprioception?

A

Friedrich ataxia

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3
Q

Define Kussmaul sign

A

Inc JVP on inspiration instead of normal dec

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4
Q

Mech of Kussmaul sign

A

Inspiration –> neg intrathoracic pressure not transmitted to heart –> impaired filling of RV, blood backs up to venae cavae –> JVD

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5
Q

3 pathologies assoc with Kussmaul sign

A
  1. Constrictive pericarditis
  2. restrictive cardiomyopathies
  3. RA/RV tumors
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6
Q

Most common cardiac tumor in children?

A

Rhabdomyoma - assoc w/ tuberous sclerosis

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7
Q

What pathology is associated with a “tumor plop” sound in early diastole?

A

Myxoma

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8
Q

90% of myxomas occur where?

A

LA

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9
Q

Most common cardiac tumor

A

Metastasis

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10
Q

What particular structure is disrupted with tertiary syphilis ?

A

Vasa vasorum of aorta

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11
Q

What protein is most commonly mutated in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Sarcomere proteins, like myosin binding protein C and B myosin heavy chain

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12
Q

Main cause of death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

Ventricular arrythmia

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13
Q

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, what leads to outflow obstruction?

A

asymmetric septal hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of mitral valve.

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14
Q

Sx of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

A

syncope, dyspnea

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15
Q

What type of hypertrophy do you see in dilated cardiomyopathy

A

eccentric

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16
Q

Etiologies of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A 
chronic Alcohol abuse
wet BeriBeri
Coxsackie B viral myocarditis
chronic Cocaine use
Chagas disease
Doxorubicin toxicity
Hemochromatosis
Sarcoidosis
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
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17
Q

Endomyocardial fibrosis with a prominent eosinophilic infiltrate that can lead to restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

Loffler syndrome

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18
Q

ECG of restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A

Low voltage ECG despite have a thick myocardium

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19
Q

Causes of Restrictive cardiomyopathy?

A 
Postradiation fibrosis 
Loffler syndrome
endocardial fibroelastosis
amyloidosis
sarcoidosis
hemochromatosis (more likely dilated though)
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20
Q

Rx that reduces mortality during CHF?

A

ACE inhibitors, AGII-R blockers, BB, spironolactone

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21
Q

Rx that helps both symptoms and reduces mortality in CHF?

A

Hydralazine with nitrate therapy.

22
Q

Rx that helps alleviate symptoms of CHF?

A

Thiazides, loops diuretics

23
Q

Different between systolic and dystolic dysfunction in CHF?

A

Diastolic dysfunction would still have preserved EF, normal EDV. Systolic dysfunction will have DEC EF, INC EDV

24
Q

Most likely causes of culture negative endocarditis?

A

Coxiella burnetti, Bartonella, HACEK (Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella)

25
Q

Causes of nonbacterial endocarditis?

A

malignancy, hypercoaguable state, lupus

26
Q

Early and Late lesions in Rheumatic fever?

A

Early - mitral regurgitation Late - mitral stenosis

27
Q

Treatment of Rheumatic fever?

A

Penicillin

28
Q

What are Anitschkow cells?

A

enlarged macrophages with ovoid wavy rod-like nucleus

29
Q

Order of most affected valves in Rheumatic fever?

A

mitral > aortic&raquo_space; tricuspid

30
Q

ECG changes in acute pericarditis?

A

widespread ST segment elevation, and/or PR depression, possible T wave inversion

31
Q

Describe pain in acute pericarditis?

A

Sharp pain, aggravated by inspiration, and relieved by sitting up and leaning forward.

32
Q

Round white spots on retina surrounded by hemorrhages associated with what pathologies?

A

Roth spots; Bacterial endocarditis

33
Q

tender raised lesions on finger or toe pads? what causes them?

A

Osler nodes; immune complex deposition

34
Q

Hypotension, distended neck veins, distant heart sounds are signs of what?

A

Beck triad - sign of Cardiac tamponade

35
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus, and what diseases is it seen with?

A

Dec in amplitude of systolic BP by > 10 mmHg during inspiration. Seen in cardiac tamponade, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, pericarditis, croup

36
Q

What CV disease can present with jaw pain?

A

Temporal arteritis

37
Q

What disease presents wtih weak upper extremity pulses, fever, night sweats, skin nodules, and ocular issues?

A

Takayasu arteritis

38
Q

Which CV disease associated with Hep B infection?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

39
Q

Symptoms of Kawasaki’s?

A 
Conjunctival injection
Rash (polymorphous --> desquamating)
Adenopathy (cervical)
Strawberry tongue
Hand-foot changes - red, edematous 
Fever

CRASH and burn (fever)

40
Q

Which arteries are most commonly affected in Buerger disease?

A

Esp tibial and radial a.

41
Q

Which vasculitis could affect v. and n?

A

Buerger - only vasculitis that spreads to v/n

42
Q

Which vasculitis can present with a saddle nose, an ear infection, cough and red cell casts?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

43
Q

Which vasculitis is assoc with MPO-ANCA?

A

microscopic polyangiitis, Churg Strauss

44
Q

Which vasculitis that is ANCA positive is not assoc with granuloma formation?

A

microscopic polyangiitis

45
Q

Which vasculitis assoc with eosinophilia and inc IgE?

A

Churg Strauss

46
Q

Which vasculitis assoc with IgA nephropathy and upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Henoch Schonlein

47
Q

Which vasculitis is assoc with anti-proteinase 3?

A

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

48
Q

palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, arthralgias, abdominal pain?

A

Henoch Schonlein purpura

49
Q

Which disease can affect coronary a, and lead to coronary a aneurysm?

A

Kawasaki disease

50
Q

Blanching skin lesions, recurrent nose bleeds, GI issues, hematuria, and AV malformations

A

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia

51
Q

Multitude of renal aneurysms and spasms on angiogram

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

52
Q

affects renal, visceral arteries but not pulmonary arteries

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

Step 1 2019 First Aid Flashcards (63 decks)

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