Muscles of the leg

Question 1

What are the 4 leg compartments & their nerve innervation?

Answer 1

1. Posterior - superficial - tibial n
2. posterior - deep - tibial n.
3. Anterior - deep fibular/peroneal n.
4. Lateral - superficial fibular/ peroneal n

Question 2

What are the 4 leg compartments & their main functions?

Answer 2

1. Posterior - superficial:
   -plantar flexion
2. posterior - deep :
   -plantar flexion
   -flexion of toes
   -inversion
3. Anterior:
   - dorsiflexion
   -extension of toes
   -inversion/eversion
4. Lateral:
   -plantar flexion
   -eversion

Question 3

What are the muscles in the posterior -superficial compartment (3)?

Answer 3

1. Gastrocnemius
2. Soleus
3. Plantaris

Question 4

Gastrocnemius O,I function & note?

Answer 4

O: medial & lateral femur condyles
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
FNC:
1. Plantar flex
2. Flex knee
note: has sesamoid bone - fabella

Question 5

Soleus (1) & plantaris (2) function?

Answer 5

Soleus: Plantar flex
Plantaris: plantar flex & flex knee

Question 6

Triceps Surae?

Answer 6

Gastrocnemius + soleus m.
- both play role in venous blood return (2nd heart of body)
- DTR S1 - cancaneal tendon

Question 7

What are the muscles in the posterior deep compartment (4)?

Answer 7

1. Flexor hallucis longus
2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
3. Tibialis Posterior
4. Popliteus

Question 8

Flexor Hallucis longus &
Flexor Digitorum Longus functions (3)?

Answer 8

1. Flex big toe @ MTP @ IP joint (hallucis) or flex toes 2 to 5 @ MTP, PIP & DIP Joint
2. Plantar flexion
3. Inversion

Question 9

Tibialis Posterior function (2)

Answer 9

1. Plantar flexion (ankle joint)
2. Inversion (subtalar joint)

Question 10

Popliteus function (2)?

Answer 10

1. Flex leg @ knee joint
2. Med. rot. @ knee joint (to unlock extended knee)

Politeus is key to unlock the knee
-acts on lateral meniscus

Question 11

Tarsal tunnel?

Answer 11

Anatomical structure behind medial malleolus

lat to med:
**Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry **
1. Tibialis posterior tendon
2. flexor Digitorum tendon
3. posterior tibial A
4. posterior tibial V
5. tibial N
6. flexor Hallucis longus tendon

*3 muscle tendons + tibial a,v, and n

Question 12

Popliteal fossa borders?

Answer 12

superiomedial: Semimembranous
superiolateral: Biceps femoris
Inferiomedial: Medial head of gastrocnemius
inferiolateral: lateral head of gastrocnemius + plantaris

floor = knee joint capsule
roof = popliteal fascia

Question 13

Popliteal fossa contents (4) ?

Answer 13

1. Popliteal A & V
2. Tibial N
3. Common fibular/peroneal n.

Question 14

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment (4)?

Answer 14

1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor Hallucis Longus
3. Extensor Digitorum Longus
4. Fibularis (peroneus)

Question 15

Function of all muscles in anterior compartment (4)?

Answer 15

1. Tibialis Anterior
2. Extensor Hallucis Longus
3. Extensor Digitorum Longus
4. Fibularis (peroneus)

All do
-Dorsiflexion @ ankle joint

TA& EHL = inversion
EDL & Fibularis = eversion

EHL: extends toe 1 @ MTP & IP joints

EDL: extends toes 2 to 5 @ MTP, PIP & DIP joint

Question 16

Compartment syndrome?

Answer 16

anterior compartment small can be compressed be to swelling
-causes deep fibular/peroneal n damage = drop foot = cannot do dosiflexion
-foot drops when walking

Question 17

What are the muscles in the lateral compartment (2)?

Answer 17

1. Fibularis (peroneus) longus
2. Fibularis (peroneus) brevis

Question 18

What are the functions of Fibularis/ peroneus brevis & longus?

Answer 18

1. Plantar flexion @ ankle joint
2. Eversion @ subtalar joint

Question 19

Where is the location of the fibularis muscles in reference to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 19

FT m fiber in front
FL & FB behind