Elbow & Hand Joints Flashcards
What makes up the elbow joint?
3 bony articulations in a single joint capsule:
1. Humeroulnar: Tochlear + tochelar notch (ulna)
2. Humeroradial: Fovea (radius) + Capitulum
3. Proximal Radio-ulnar: Head of radius + radial notch (ulna)
What type of joint is the humeroulnar & humeroradial?
“elbow joint”
-synovial hinge joint: flexion & extension
What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
synovial pivot joint = rotation
Fibro-osseous ring?
Annular ligament?
Both on the proximal radial-ulnar joint:
FR: articular cartilage covering the radial notch of the ulna
AL: Strong fibrous band lined by cartilage continuous with radial notch lining
Elbow joint ligaments (4)?
- Medial/ulnar collateral ligament
- Lateral/radial collateral ligament
- Anterior ligament
- Oblique anterior ligament
Function of medial/ulnar & lateral/radial collateral ligaments?
-keep articular surfaces in opposition
-keep trochlear notch fitted (prevent sideways movement)
Function of anterior and oblique anterior ligaments?
-strengthen capsule anteriorly
Where is the axis of motion?
Slightly distal to the epicondyles
What is the carrying angle?
- 5-19 degrees (about 0-6 degree more pronouced in women due to hips)
- arms deviate laterally
-permits arm to be swung without contacting hips
Cubitus varus vs cubital valgus?
VARUS: Deformity where extended forearm deviates toward sideline
VALGUS: deformity where elbow is turned in
Elbow flexion degrees & muscles (3)?
Passive (145), Active (160)
- Biceps
- Brachialis
- Bachioradialis
Elbow extension degrees & muscles (2)?
extension (0), hyperextension (5-10)
-women & children greater laxity
- Triceps
- Anconeus
Inferior/distal radio-ulnar joint AS & type?
AS: ulnar head + ulnar notch (radius)
TYPE: synovial pivot joint
MOVEMENT: rotation
Function of articular disc @ inferior/distal radio-ulnar joint?
Aritcular disc: binds radius & ulnar together while separating distal radioulnar joint & ulnar from radiocarpal joint
Ligaments at distal radio-ulnar joint (2)?
- Palmer/ anterior radio-ulnar ligament
- Dorsal/ posterior radio-ulnar ligament
support joint anteriorly and posteriorly
Middle radio-ulnar joint type?
amphiarthrosis, syndesmosis joint
interosseous membrane: ligamentous connection between the bodies of ulna + radius
Rotators of radius - supinators (2)?
Supination (90):
1. Biceps
2. supinator
Rotators of radius-protonators (2)?
Pronation (90):
1.Pronator teres
2. Protonator quadraturs
What are the 3 components of the wrist complex?
- Radio-carpal joints
- Mid-carpal joints
- Intercarpal joints
Radio-carpal joint AS, type & movement?
AS: radius + proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
TYPE: Condyloid/ellipsoid
MOVEMENTS: flexion/extension, abd/add
Mid-carpal joint AS, type & movement?
AS: distal & proximal rows of carpal bones (except pisiform)
TYPE: Synovial planar
MOVEMENT: slide & glide
Intercarpal joints AS, Type & Movement?
AS: small group between carpal bones
TYPE: synovial planar
MOVEMENT: Slide & glide
Ligaments at the wrist complex (4)and where do the first 2 extend to?
- Collateral Ligaments:
lateral: styloid process (radius) - scaphoid bone
medial: styloid process (ulna) - pisiform & triquetrum - Anterior/Posterior Ligaments:
Radiocarpal
Radioulnar
Degrees of radial & ulnar deviation & which ligaments are stretched/pinched?
Radial deviation/ abd (15):
- RCL pinched, UCL stretched
Ulnar deviation/add (30):
-UCL pinches, RCL stretched
Degrees of wrist flexion & extension & which ligaments are stretched/pinched?
Wrist flexion (85):
Anterior pinched, posterior stretched
Wrist extension (85):
Posterior pinched & anterior stretched
Carpometacarpal joint AS, type, movement?
1ST JOINT
AS: thumb & trapezium
Type: Modified saddle joint
MOVEMENT:
flex/ext
abd/add
opposition
rotation possible (thick loose joint capsule)
2nd - 5th articulate in a irregular matter
Metacarpophalangeal joint type and movements with degrees?
synovial condyloid/ellipsoidal - 2DOF
Flexion (90)
hyperextension (0-45)
abduction (20)
adduction (20)
***abd/add with finger flexion = 0 as collateral ligaments are taught at 90 degrees.
Ligaments at MCP joints (2)?
- Medial & lateral collateral ligaments: head of metacarpals to base of phalanges
- Palmer plates: Support ventrally
Interphalangeal joints type & movements with degrees?
Hinge joints - 1DOF:
-PIP flexion: (120)
-DIP flexion: (90)
-PIP hyperextension: (0)
-DIP hyperextension: (5-10)
