Muscles , joints and Bone

Question 1

What are the 3 muscle types ?

Answer 1

Skeletal , smooth and cardiac

Question 2

What is the general structure of muscle ?

Answer 2

Made up of lots of small fibers , myofibrils , The myofibrils make up groups of muscle fibers that are called myofilaments that overlap one and other to form a whole muscle tissue

Question 3

Where is skeletal muscle found?

Answer 3

Around the skeleton , arms and legs

Question 4

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 4

heart

Question 5

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 5

walls of hallow internal organs (stomach, blood vessels, intestines)

Question 6

Which muscles are involuntary?

Answer 6

smooth and cardiac

Question 7

Which muscle is voluntary?

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

What is a myofibril?

Answer 8

bundles of myofilaments

Question 9

What is sarcoplasm?

Answer 9

cytoplasm of a muscle cell

Question 10

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 10

Unit of muscle tissue

Question 11

What is myoglobin?

Answer 11

A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells

Question 12

What is the difference between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers ?

Answer 12

Fast twitch fires quickly with high energy but tires quickly and slow twitch fires slowly and produces energy for a longer period of time

Question 13

Is fast twitch muscle anaerobic or aerobic ?

Answer 13

Anaerobic

Question 14

A slow twitch muscle fiber is anaerobic. True or false ?

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are the 4 stages of the sliding filament theory ?

Answer 15

Detachment , hydrolysis , cross bridge , powerstroke

Question 16

What happens during detachment ?

Answer 16

ATP binds to myosin head causing myosin and actin to detach . Myosin enters a resting state

Question 17

What happens during hydrolysis ?

Answer 17

Atp splits into ADP and phosphate allowing the myosin head to be “ready “ to bind

Question 18

What happens during the cross bridge stage ?

Answer 18

Actin and myosin filaments are in the correct position to bind

Question 19

What happens during the power stroke stage ?

Answer 19

ADP and phosphate are lost causing myosin to complete a power stroke back to the original position

Question 20

What controls the process of the sliding filament theory ?

Answer 20

Action potential causing calcium ions to influx causing actin to expose the myosin binding site .

Question 21

What are the 5 types of bone ?

Answer 21

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

Question 22

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 22

support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation

Question 23

Describe the structure of bone

Answer 23

Made up of collagen and calcium phosphate . Inside of the bone is bone marrow that produces red blood cells.

Question 24

What are the 3 types of joint ?

Answer 24

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

Question 25

What is a fibrous joint ?

Answer 25

immovable joint , connected by dense connective though tissue , found in the skull

Question 26

What is a cartilaginous joint?

Answer 26

A joint connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage . Allows limited movement

Question 27

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 27

A joint filled with synovial fluid , moveable joint , has a synovial cavity , bones connected by dense connective tissue , found in elbows and knees

Question 28

Ligaments hold bone to …..

Answer 28

Bone

Question 29

Tendons hold …. to bone

Answer 29

Muscle

Question 30

Cartilage cushions …… to bone

Answer 30

Bone