Muscles , joints and Bone Flashcards
What are the 3 muscle types ?
Skeletal , smooth and cardiac
What is the general structure of muscle ?
Made up of lots of small fibers , myofibrils , The myofibrils make up groups of muscle fibers that are called myofilaments that overlap one and other to form a whole muscle tissue
Where is skeletal muscle found?
Around the skeleton , arms and legs
Where is cardiac muscle found?
heart
Where is smooth muscle found?
walls of hallow internal organs (stomach, blood vessels, intestines)
Which muscles are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
Which muscle is voluntary?
skeletal muscle
What is a myofibril?
bundles of myofilaments
What is sarcoplasm?
cytoplasm of a muscle cell
What is a sarcomere?
Unit of muscle tissue
What is myoglobin?
A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells
What is the difference between fast and slow twitch muscle fibers ?
Fast twitch fires quickly with high energy but tires quickly and slow twitch fires slowly and produces energy for a longer period of time
Is fast twitch muscle anaerobic or aerobic ?
Anaerobic
A slow twitch muscle fiber is anaerobic. True or false ?
True
What are the 4 stages of the sliding filament theory ?
Detachment , hydrolysis , cross bridge , powerstroke
What happens during detachment ?
ATP binds to myosin head causing myosin and actin to detach . Myosin enters a resting state
What happens during hydrolysis ?
Atp splits into ADP and phosphate allowing the myosin head to be “ready “ to bind
What happens during the cross bridge stage ?
Actin and myosin filaments are in the correct position to bind
What happens during the power stroke stage ?
ADP and phosphate are lost causing myosin to complete a power stroke back to the original position
What controls the process of the sliding filament theory ?
Action potential causing calcium ions to influx causing actin to expose the myosin binding site .
What are the 5 types of bone ?
long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
support, protection, movement, storage, blood cell formation
Describe the structure of bone
Made up of collagen and calcium phosphate . Inside of the bone is bone marrow that produces red blood cells.
What are the 3 types of joint ?
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
