Cells and Transport

Question 1

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 1

Contains the cell’s genetic material (DNA and chromosomes) , controls processes such as growth and cell division .

Question 2

What is the function of the nucleolus ?

Answer 2

Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) to produce ribosomes

Question 3

What is the function of the mitochondria ?

Answer 3

Site of cellular respiration , Produces ATP (energy) from nutrients within the cell .

Question 4

What is the function of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

Answer 4

Works with Ribosomes to help to make and store proteins

Question 5

What is the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) ?

Answer 5

Produces and stores Lipids (Fats) and Steroids

Question 6

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus ?

Answer 6

Sorts and modifies proteins into vesicles , that have arrived from the rough ER

Question 7

What is the function of a Lysosome ?

Answer 7

Digests waste products by using digestive enzymes

Question 8

What is the function of the Cell membrane / Plasma membrane ?

Answer 8

Encloses the cells contents , Controls flow of substances in and out of the cell

Question 9

What is the function of cilia ?

Answer 9

move liquid past the surface of the cell , helps the cell to move

Question 10

What is the function of Ribosomes ?

Answer 10

Site of protein synthesis

Question 11

What is the function of the cytoskeleton ?

Answer 11

helps a cell keep its shape and gives strength and support

Question 12

What is the function of the centrioles ?

Answer 12

spindle formation during cell replication

Question 13

What is the function of the Peroxisomes ?

Answer 13

contain enzymes that function in detoxification

Question 14

Describe the structure of the nucleus

Answer 14

Fully enclosed nuclear membrane , contains the cells DNA and chromosomes , nucleolus located within the nucleus

Question 15

Describe the structure of the nucleolus

Answer 15

Located within the nucleus , takes up 25% of the nucleus, surrounded by chromatin

Question 16

Describe the structure of the mitochondria

Answer 16

It consists of a double membrane; outer membrane is smooth the inner membrane is folded(cristae.) , Oval shaped

Question 17

Describe the structure of the Rough endoplasmic reticulum ( Rough ER)

Answer 17

Found within the cytoplasm , has ribosomes attached to the outside of it (gives the rough appearance )

Question 18

Describe the structure of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ( Smooth ER)

Answer 18

Consists of a long network of folded tube like structures (cisternae), inside of the organelle enclosed by a phospholipid membrane

Question 19

Describe the structure of the Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

Stacks of flattened, membrane-bound sacs (cisternae)

Question 20

Describe the structure of the Lysosome

Answer 20

spherical , membrane bound , outer membrane allows substances to enter into the organelle , 0.1 - 1.2 mm

Question 21

Describe the structure of the plasma membrane / cell membrane

Answer 21

Surrounds the whole of the cell , made up of proteins and lipids that form a phospholipid bilayer , selectively permeable

Question 22

Describe the structure of the cilia

Answer 22

slender, microscopic, hair-like structures

Question 23

Describe the structure of the Ribosome

Answer 23

Made of protein and RNA , found within the cytoplasm or attached to the Rough ER

Question 24

Describe the structure of the cytoskeleton

Answer 24

A network of protein fibers also contains , microtubules , actin filaments and intermediate filaments

Question 25

Describe the structure of the centrioles

Answer 25

small set of microtubules arranged in a specific way

Question 26

Describe the structure of the peroxisome

Answer 26

Contain oxidative enzymes

Question 27

What is the formula for calculating magnification ?

Answer 27

Image size / Object size = Magnification Scale bar image / actual scale bar length = Magnification

Question 28

What is the formula for calculating actual size ?

Answer 28

Image size / magnification = actual size

Question 29

What is mitosis ?

Answer 29

Cell division that generates new cells for growth and repair. The division of one cell into two genetically identical daughter cells

Question 30

What happens in prophase?

Answer 30

chromosomes condense and thicken

Question 31

What happens in metaphase?

Answer 31

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell , nucleus disassembles

Question 32

What happens during anaphase?

Answer 32

The chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell

Question 33

What happens during telophase ?

Answer 33

nuclear envelopes form around the identical sets of chromosomes at the two poles of the cell. the chromosomes uncoil

Question 34

What happens during cytokinesis?

Answer 34

division of the cytoplasm

Question 35

Name 4 methods of active transport

Answer 35

Endocytosis and exocytosis Pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 36

Name 3 methods of passive transport

Answer 36

Osmosis Simple diffusion Facilitated diffusion

Question 37

What is endocytosis ?

Answer 37

the taking in of matter by a living cell by invagination of its membrane to form a vacuole.

Question 38

What is exocytosis?

Answer 38

When materials leave the vacuole within the cell and are exported out of the cell

Question 39

Describe phagocytosis

Answer 39

The cells plasma membrane surrounds a molecule which wants to enter into the cell such as a food particle , in the extracellular environment this buds off to form a vacuole which can enter the cells through the plasma membrane. This is then digested by the digestive enzymes

Question 40

What is meant by the term hypotonic ?

Answer 40

A solution with more water and less soultute

Question 41

What is meant by the term hypertonic ?

Answer 41

A solution with less water and more solute

Question 42

What is meant by the term isotonic ?

Answer 42

Equal parts of water and solute

Question 43

What is osmosis?

Answer 43

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. Low to high concentration

Question 44

What is active transport?

Answer 44

movement of molecules into or out of a cell against a concentration gradient , requires energy , low to high concentration

Question 45

What is diffusion?

Answer 45

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.