Muscle Tissue Flashcards
Where can skeletal muscles be found?
- usually attach to bones
Where can cardiac muscle be found?
- wall of the heart
Where can smooth muscle be found?
- walls of hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways, abdominopelvic organs)
What types of muscles are striated?
- skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle
Which types of muscles are voluntary?
- skeletal tissue (somatic nervous system)
Which muscles are entirely involuntary?
- cardiac muscle and smooth muscle (autonomic nervous system and hormones)
The filaments within each muscle cell are arranged into organized bands called…?
- striations
What is a tendon?
- band of dense connective tissue that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone
What do tendons typically look like?
- cord-like, but occasionally broad/flat (aponeurosis)
What is a fascia?
- dense sheet of connective tissue that lines the body wall
- supports skeletal muscles and internal organs
- fascia separates each region into compartments whose muscles tend to have similar actions and innervation
What are retinacula?
- are thickened bands of fascia that help keep tendons anchored down
What are the three main functions of skeletal muscle?
- movement
- stabilizes body positions and posture
- generates heat
What is the “origin” of the muscle?
- the attachment that does not move (proximal attachment)
What is the “insertion” of the muscle?
-
Describe the principal action of a flexor.
- decrease joint angle
Describe the principal action of a extensor.
- increases joint angle
Describe the principal action of a abductor.
- moves bone away from midline
Describe the principal action of a adductor.
- moves bone closer to midline
Describe the principal action of a levator.
- raises or elevates body part
Describe the principal action of a depressor.
- lowers of depresses body parts
Describe the principal action of a supinator.
- turn palms anteriorly
Describe the principal action of a pronator.
- turns palm posteriorly
Describe the principal action of a sphincter.
- decreases size of an opening
Describe the principal action of a tensor.
- makes body part rigid
