Anatomical Terminology Flashcards
What is anatomy?
- The science of body structures (and their relationships)
What is physiology?
- The science of body functions
What are the six levels of structural organization?
- chemical level
- cellular level
- tissues level
- organ level
- system level
- organismal level
What are the eleven systems of the human body?
- Skeletal system
- Muscular system
- Nervous system
- Endocrine system
- Cardiovascular system
- Lymphatic System
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Urinary system
- Reproductive system(s)
- Integumentary System
What are the components of the skeletal system?
- Bones
- Joints
- Associated cartilages
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
- Support and protection
- Assists movement
- Produces blood cells
- Stores minerals & lipids
What are the components of the muscular system?
- Skeletal muscle
What are the functions of the muscular system?
- Movement
- Stabilizes body position/posture
- Generates heat
What are the components of the nervous system?
- Brain
- Spinal cord
- Nerves
- Special sense organs (eyes)
What are the functions of the nervous system?
- Regulates body activities
- Detects, interprets and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments
What are the components of the endocrine system?
- Hormone-producing glands
- Hormone-producing cells
What are the functions of the endocrine system?
- Regulates body activities
- Detects and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
- Heart
- Blood vessels
- Blood
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
- Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
- Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
- Regulates acid-base balance
- Regulates body temperature
- Helps defend against disease
What are the components of the lymphatic system?
- Lymphatic vessels
- Lymphatic fluid
- Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- Returns proteins and fluids to the blood
- Carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood
- Helps defend against disease
What are the components of the respiratory system?
- Pharynx, larynx, trachea
- Bronchial tubes
- Lungs
What are the functions of the respiratory system?
- Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
- Regulates acid-base balance
- Voice production
What are the components of the digestive system?
- Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
- Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
What are the functions of the digestive system?
- Breaks down food
- Absorbs nutrients
- Eliminates wastes
What are the components of the urinary system?
- Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
What are the functions of the urinary system?
- Produces and eliminates urine
- Eliminates wastes
- Regulates blood composition
- Regulates acid-base balance
- Maintains mineral balance
- Regulates production of red blood cells
What are the components of the reproductive system?
- Gonads (testes, ovaries)
- Associated organs`
What are the functions of the reproductive system?
- Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes)
- Produces hormones
What are the components of the integumentary system?
- Skin
- Hair
- Nails
- Sweat glands
- Oil glands