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KIN 260 - HUMAN ANATOMY > Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

What is anatomy?

A
  • The science of body structures (and their relationships)
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2
Q

What is physiology?

A
  • The science of body functions
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3
Q

What are the six levels of structural organization?

A
  1. chemical level
  2. cellular level
  3. tissues level
  4. organ level
  5. system level
  6. organismal level
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4
Q

What are the eleven systems of the human body?

A
  • Skeletal system
  • Muscular system
  • Nervous system
  • Endocrine system
  • Cardiovascular system
  • Lymphatic System
  • Respiratory system
  • Digestive system
  • Urinary system
  • Reproductive system(s)
  • Integumentary System
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5
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system?

A
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Associated cartilages
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6
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A
  • Support and protection
  • Assists movement
  • Produces blood cells
  • Stores minerals & lipids
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7
Q

What are the components of the muscular system?

A
  • Skeletal muscle
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8
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A
  • Movement
  • Stabilizes body position/posture
  • Generates heat
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9
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A
  • Brain
  • Spinal cord
  • Nerves
  • Special sense organs (eyes)
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10
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Regulates body activities

- Detects, interprets and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments

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11
Q

What are the components of the endocrine system?

A
  • Hormone-producing glands

- Hormone-producing cells

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12
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system?

A
  • Regulates body activities

- Detects and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments

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13
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Heart
  • Blood vessels
  • Blood
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14
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

A
  • Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
  • Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
  • Regulates acid-base balance
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Helps defend against disease
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15
Q

What are the components of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymphatic vessels
  • Lymphatic fluid
  • Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes
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16
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Returns proteins and fluids to the blood
  • Carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood
  • Helps defend against disease
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17
Q

What are the components of the respiratory system?

A
  • Pharynx, larynx, trachea
  • Bronchial tubes
  • Lungs
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18
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
  • Regulates acid-base balance
  • Voice production
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19
Q

What are the components of the digestive system?

A
  • Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
  • Liver, gall bladder, pancreas
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20
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Breaks down food
  • Absorbs nutrients
  • Eliminates wastes
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21
Q

What are the components of the urinary system?

A
  • Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
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22
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Produces and eliminates urine
  • Eliminates wastes
  • Regulates blood composition
  • Regulates acid-base balance
  • Maintains mineral balance
  • Regulates production of red blood cells
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23
Q

What are the components of the reproductive system?

A
  • Gonads (testes, ovaries)

- Associated organs`

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24
Q

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

A
  • Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes)

- Produces hormones

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25
Q

What are the components of the integumentary system?

A
  • Skin
  • Hair
  • Nails
  • Sweat glands
  • Oil glands
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26
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

A
  • Protection
  • Regulates body temperature
  • Eliminates wastes
  • Helps make vitamin D
  • Cutaneous sensation
27
Q

Describe the anatomical position.

A
  • Standing erect
  • Head level and eyes facing forward
  • Upper limbs at the sides with palms turned forward
  • Lower limbs such that the feet are flat on the floor and directed forward
28
Q

What is the anatomical name for the head?

A

Cephalic

29
Q

What is the anatomical name for the neck?

A

Cervical

30
Q

What is the anatomical name for the chest, abdomen, and pelvis?

A

Trunk

31
Q

What is the anatomical name for the chest and upper back?

A

Thoracic

32
Q

What is the anatomical name for the lower back?

A

Lumbar

33
Q

What is the anatomical name for the buttocks?

A

Gluteal

34
Q

What is the anatomical name for the arm**?

A

Brachial (shoulder to elbow)

35
Q

What is the anatomical name for the forearm?

A

Antibrachial (elbow to wrist)

36
Q

What is the anatomical name for the wrist?

A

Carpal

37
Q

What is the anatomical name for the hand?

A

Palmar/Dorsal

38
Q

What is the anatomical name for the thigh?

A

Femoral (hip to knee)

39
Q

What is the anatomical name for the leg?

A

Crural (knee to ankle)

40
Q

What is the anatomical name for the ankle?

A

Tarsal

41
Q

What is the anatomical name for the foot?

A

Plantar/Dorsal

42
Q

What do the upper limbs include?

A

brachial, antibrachial, carpal, palmar/dorsal

43
Q

What do the lower limbs include?

A

femoral, crural, tarsal, and plantar/dorsal.

44
Q

What are the cavities in the body?

A
  • cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavity
45
Q

What does inferior mean?

A
  • away from the head
46
Q

What does superior mean?

A
  • towards the head
47
Q

What does proximal mean?

A
  • nearer to the attachment of the limb
48
Q

What does distal mean?

A
  • further from the attachment of the limb
49
Q

What does medial mean?

A
  • nearer to the midline
50
Q

What does lateral mean?

A
  • further from the midline
51
Q

What does anterior mean?

A
  • towards the front of the body
52
Q

What does posterior mean?

A
  • towards the back of the body
53
Q

What does superficial mean?

A
  • towards the surface of the body
54
Q

What does deep mean?

A
  • away from the surface of the body
55
Q

What does ipsilateral mean?

A
  • on the same side of the body
56
Q

What does contralateral mean?

A
  • on the opposite side of the body
57
Q

What is an anatomical plane?

A
  • An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body
58
Q

What is an anatomical section?

A
  • A cut through the body (or part of the body) along a plane
59
Q

Describe the sagittal plane or section.

A
  • Vertical

- Divides the body (or part) into left and right sides

60
Q

What is a parasagittal plane?

A
  • The plane does not pass through the midline (unequal left and right sides)
61
Q

Describe the frontal plane and section,

A
  • Vertical

- Divides the body (or part) into anterior and posterior portions

62
Q

Describe the transverse plane and section.

A
  • Horizontal

- Divides the body (or part) into superior and inferior portions

63
Q

What is an oblique plane or section?

A
  • Passes through the body (or part) at an angle between two of the other planes

KIN 260 - HUMAN ANATOMY (21 decks)

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