- The science of body structures (and their relationships)

- The science of body functions

Anatomical Terminology Flashcards by Tasleigh Dutchyshen

What is anatomy?

The science of body structures (and their relationships)

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What is physiology?

The science of body functions

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What are the six levels of structural organization?

chemical level
cellular level
tissues level
organ level
system level
organismal level

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What are the eleven systems of the human body?

Skeletal system
Muscular system
Nervous system
Endocrine system
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic System
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Urinary system
Reproductive system(s)
Integumentary System

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What are the components of the skeletal system?

Bones
Joints
Associated cartilages

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What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Support and protection
Assists movement
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals & lipids

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What are the components of the muscular system?

Skeletal muscle

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What are the functions of the muscular system?

Movement
Stabilizes body position/posture
Generates heat

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What are the components of the nervous system?

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Special sense organs (eyes)

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What are the functions of the nervous system?

Regulates body activities

- Detects, interprets and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments

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What are the components of the endocrine system?

Hormone-producing glands

- Hormone-producing cells

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What are the functions of the endocrine system?

Regulates body activities

- Detects and responds to changes in the body’s internal and external environments

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What are the components of the cardiovascular system?

Heart
Blood vessels
Blood

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What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?

Carries oxygen and nutrients to cells
Carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
Regulates acid-base balance
Regulates body temperature
Helps defend against disease

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What are the components of the lymphatic system?

Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic fluid
Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph nodes

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What are the functions of the lymphatic system?

Returns proteins and fluids to the blood
Carries lipids from the GI tract to the blood
Helps defend against disease

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What are the components of the respiratory system?

Pharynx, larynx, trachea
Bronchial tubes
Lungs

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What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Transfers oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood
Regulates acid-base balance
Voice production

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What are the components of the digestive system?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
Liver, gall bladder, pancreas

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What are the functions of the digestive system?

Breaks down food
Absorbs nutrients
Eliminates wastes

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What are the components of the urinary system?

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

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What are the functions of the urinary system?

Produces and eliminates urine
Eliminates wastes
Regulates blood composition
Regulates acid-base balance
Maintains mineral balance
Regulates production of red blood cells

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What are the components of the reproductive system?

Gonads (testes, ovaries)

- Associated organs`

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What are the functions of the reproductive system?

Produces and stores gametes (sperm, oocytes)

- Produces hormones

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What are the components of the integumentary system?

- Skin - Hair - Nails - Sweat glands - Oil glands

What are the functions of the integumentary system?

- Protection - Regulates body temperature - Eliminates wastes - Helps make vitamin D - Cutaneous sensation

Describe the anatomical position.

- Standing erect - Head level and eyes facing forward - Upper limbs at the sides with palms turned forward - Lower limbs such that the feet are flat on the floor and directed forward

What is the anatomical name for the head?

Cephalic

What is the anatomical name for the neck?

Cervical

What is the anatomical name for the chest, abdomen, and pelvis?

Trunk

What is the anatomical name for the chest and upper back?

Thoracic

What is the anatomical name for the lower back?

Lumbar

What is the anatomical name for the buttocks?

Gluteal

What is the anatomical name for the arm**?

Brachial (shoulder to elbow)

What is the anatomical name for the forearm?

Antibrachial (elbow to wrist)

What is the anatomical name for the wrist?

Carpal

What is the anatomical name for the hand?

Palmar/Dorsal

What is the anatomical name for the thigh?

Femoral (hip to knee)

What is the anatomical name for the leg?

Crural (knee to ankle)

What is the anatomical name for the ankle?

Tarsal

What is the anatomical name for the foot?

Plantar/Dorsal

What do the upper limbs include?

brachial, antibrachial, carpal, palmar/dorsal

What do the lower limbs include?

femoral, crural, tarsal, and plantar/dorsal.

What are the cavities in the body?

- cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominopelvic cavity

What does inferior mean?

- away from the head

What does superior mean?

- towards the head

What does proximal mean?

- nearer to the attachment of the limb

What does distal mean?

- further from the attachment of the limb

What does medial mean?

- nearer to the midline

What does lateral mean?

- further from the midline

What does anterior mean?

- towards the front of the body

What does posterior mean?

- towards the back of the body

What does superficial mean?

- towards the surface of the body

What does deep mean?

- away from the surface of the body

What does ipsilateral mean?

- on the same side of the body

What does contralateral mean?

- on the opposite side of the body

What is an anatomical plane?

- An imaginary flat surface that passes through the body

What is an anatomical section?

- A cut through the body (or part of the body) along a plane

Describe the sagittal plane or section.

- Vertical | - Divides the body (or part) into left and right sides

What is a parasagittal plane?

- The plane does not pass through the midline (unequal left and right sides)

Describe the frontal plane and section,

- Vertical | - Divides the body (or part) into anterior and posterior portions

Describe the transverse plane and section.

- Horizontal | - Divides the body (or part) into superior and inferior portions

What is an oblique plane or section?

- Passes through the body (or part) at an angle between two of the other planes