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KIN 260 - HUMAN ANATOMY > Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A
  • 12
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2
Q

Where do the cranial nerves emerge?

A
  • along the longitudinal axis of the brain from anterior to posterior
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3
Q

Are cranial nerves part of the peripheral or central nervous system?

A
  • peripheral nervous system
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4
Q

What are the sensory components of the PNS?

A
  • somatic sensation (skin, muscles)
  • special sensations (vision, etc.)
  • visceral sensations (visceral organs)
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5
Q

What are the motor components of the PNS?

A
  • somatic motor (skeletal muscles)

- autonomic motor (visceral organs)

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6
Q

What cranial nerve controls somatic sensory?

A
  • CN V (trigeminal)
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7
Q

What cranial nerve controls special sensory?

A
  • CN I (olfactory)
  • CN II (optic)
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN VIII (vestibularcochlear)
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
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8
Q

What cranial nerve controls visceral sensory?

A
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

- CN X (vagus)

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9
Q

What cranial nerve controls somatic motor?

A
  • CN III (oculomotor)
  • CN IV (trochlear nerve)
  • CN V (trigeminal)
  • CN VI (abducens)
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
  • CN XI (accessory)
  • CN XII (hypoglossal)
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10
Q

What cranial nerve controls autonomic motor?

A
  • CN III (oculomotor)
  • CN VII (facial)
  • CN IX (glossopharyngeal)
  • CN X (vagus)
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11
Q

What is olfaction?

A
  • sense of smell
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12
Q

Where are the receptors that detect olfactory stimulation located?

A
  • they line the superior portion of the nasal cavity
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13
Q

Where do the olfactory stimuli axons enter the skull?

A
  • via the olfactory foramen and then synapse with neurons in the ipsilateral olfactory bulb
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14
Q

Where does the optic nerve emerge?

A
  • the back of each eyeball
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15
Q

Where does the optic nerve enter the skull?

A
  • the optic foramina
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16
Q

What is the optic chiasma?

A
  • provides a site for the crossing over or desiccation of optic nerve fibers so that contralateral half of the visual field is perceived and processed by the visual cortex
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17
Q

Where do the axons continue after they cross the optic chiasma?

A
  • continue posteriorly via the optic tracts and synapse with neurons in the thalamus
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18
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate?

A
  • in the midbrain
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19
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve enter the orbit?

A
  • superior orbital fissure of the sphenoid bone
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20
Q

What does the oculomotor nerve do?

A
  • carries motor signals to some of the extrinsic eye muscles
  • carries autonomic (parasympathetic) signals to intrinsic (smooth) eye muscles that
    constrict the pupil and adjust the shape of the lens
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21
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate?

A
  • in the midbrain
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22
Q

What does the trochlear nerve do?

A
  • carries motor

signals to one of the extrinsic eye muscles

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23
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve enter the orbit?

A
  • superior orbital fissure
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24
Q

Where does the abducens nerve originate?

A
  • in the pons
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25
Q

What does the abducens nerve do?

A
  • carries motor

signals to one of the extrinsic eye muscles

26
Q

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge?

A
  • from the pons
27
Q

How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have?

A
  • 3
28
Q

What are the names of the three branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  • ophthalmic (V1)
  • maxillary (V2)
  • mandibular (V3)
29
Q

Where does the ophthalmic (V1) branch exit the cranial cavity?

A
  • superior orbital fissure
30
Q

Where does the maxillary (V2) branch exit the cranial cavity?

A
  • foramen rotundum
31
Q

Where does the mandibular (V3) branch exit the cranial cavity?

A
  • foramen ovale
32
Q

What does the trigeminal nerve do?

A
  • the branches provide somatic sensory innervation to the face
  • (V3) carries motor signals to the muscles of mastication
33
Q

Where does the facial nerve emerge?

A
  • the pons
34
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A
  • internal auditory meatus and stylomastoid foramen (temporal bone)
35
Q

Once outside the skull, the nerve splits into branches that….?

A
  • carry motor signals to the muscles of facial expression

- carry autonomic (parasympathetic) signals to most of the salivary glands

36
Q

Where are the axons related to taste located?

A
  • anterior portion of the tongue
37
Q

How many branches does the vestibulocochlear nerve have?

A
  • two

- vestibular branch and the cochlear branch

38
Q

What does the vestibular branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A
  • carries signals related to balance from the semicircular canals in the
    inner ear
39
Q

What does the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear nerve do?

A
  • carries signals related to hearing from the cochlea in the inner ear
40
Q

Where does the vestibulocochlear nerve emerge?

A
  • pass through the internal auditory meatus (temporal bone) before
    entering the medulla oblongata
41
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve emerge?

A
  • medulla oblongata
42
Q

Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve exit the skull?

A
  • jugular foramen
43
Q

What does the glossopharyngeal nerve do?

A
  • carry motor signals to one of the muscles of the pharynx
  • carry autonomic (parasympathetic) signals to one of the salivary glands
  • contain axons carrying signals related to taste from the posterior portion of the tongue
  • contain axons carrying signals from receptors in the carotid arteries
44
Q

Where does the vagus nerve emerge?

A
  • medulla oblongata
45
Q

Where does the vagus nerve exit the skull?

A
  • jugular foramen
46
Q

What does the vagus nerve do?

A
  • carry motor signals to most of the muscles of the pharynx and larynx
  • carry autonomic (parasympathetic) signals to the heart, lungs, and organs of the digestive system
  • contain axons carrying signals from receptors in the arch of the aorta
47
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve emerge?

A
  • medulla oblongata
48
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?

A
  • small canal in the occipital bone
49
Q

what does the hypoglossal nerve do?

A
  • it innervates the tongue muscles
50
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate the ability to distinguish odours?

A
  • olfactory nerve
51
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate visual acuity, and visual fields?

A
  • optic nerve
52
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate pupillary reflexes?

A
  • optic nerve, oculomotor nerve
53
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate eye movement?

A
  • oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, abducens nerve
54
Q

Which nerve innervate somatic sensation of the face?

A
  • trigeminal nerve
55
Q

Which nerve innervates teeth clenching?

A
  • trigeminal nerve
56
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate facial expressions?

A
  • facial nerve
57
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate the corneal reflex?

A
  • trigeminal nerve, and facial nerve
58
Q

Which nerve innervates hearing?

A
  • vestibularcochlear nerve
59
Q

Which nerve(s) innervate swallowing, and “Ah”?

A
  • glossopharyngeal nerve, and the vagus nerve
60
Q

Which nerve(s) innervates a gag reflex?

A
  • glossopharyngeal nerve, and the vagus nerve
61
Q

Which nerve innervates shrugging shoulders and turning the head?

A
  • accessory nerve
62
Q

Which nerve innervates tongue movements?

A
  • hypoglossal nerve

KIN 260 - HUMAN ANATOMY (21 decks)

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