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General Physiology > Muscle Physiology > Flashcards

Muscle Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers

A

muscles

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2
Q

predominant function is contractability that promotes movment

A

muscles

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3
Q

what kind of muscle are attached to bones

voluntary/involuntary

A

voluntary

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4
Q

muscles are responsible for the involuntary contraction and relaxation of longitudinal and circular muscles throughout the digestive tract,

A

peristalsis

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5
Q

function in posture and joint stability

A

muscles

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6
Q

percent of heat produced in muscle contraction

A

85%

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7
Q

is the ability of muscle cells to forcefully shorten.

A

contractility

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8
Q

muscles in blood vessels that helps promotes

A

circulation

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9
Q

present in the surface of epithelial cells; not muscle

A

cilia

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10
Q

present in sperm cells for locomotion

A

flagellum

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11
Q

sarco means

A

flesh

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12
Q

the only organ of the muscular system

A

skeletal muscle

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13
Q

composed of skeletal muscle tissue and also contains nervous tissue, blood vessels, and connective tissue

A

skeletal muscle

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14
Q

are not organs but mere tissues of the heart and visceral organs respectively

A

cardiac
smooth muscle

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15
Q

half of the body’s weight is ___ tissue

A

muscle

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16
Q

skeletal muscle accounts for what percent in males and females

A

40% males
32% females

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17
Q

what percent does the cardiac muscle account for in the human body

A

10%

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18
Q

function of muscles

A

generation of movement
stabilization of the position of the body
control of the volume of organs
motion of substances in the body
generation of body heat

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19
Q

what muscles are in control of the volume of organs

A

sphincters (smooth muscle)

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20
Q

what substance is moved by muscle

A

blood, lymph, urine, air, food and fluids, sperm

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21
Q

what kind of muscle generate body heat

A

voluntary and involuntary contractions of skeletal striatied muscle

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22
Q

ability of the skeletal muscle to respond to stimuli

A

electrical irritability/excitability

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23
Q

contracts as a result of nerve irritation

A

skeletal muscle

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24
Q

ability of contracton

A

contractility

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25
Q

ability to extend without tissue damage

A

extensibility

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26
Q

ability to return to the original shape of being extended

A

elasticity

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27
Q

is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers.

A

muscular system

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28
Q

Their predominant function is

A

contractility

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29
Q

attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement.

A

muscles

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30
Q

Nearly all movement in the body is the result of

A

muscle contraction

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31
Q

movement of some white blood cells.

what kind

A

ameboid

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32
Q

The integrated action of joints, bones, and skeletal muscles produces obvious movements such as

A

walking
running

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33
Q

also produce more subtle movements that result in various facial expressions, eye movements, and respiration.

A

skeletal muscles

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34
Q

such as sitting and standing, is maintained as a result of muscle contraction

A

posture

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35
Q

he tendons of many muscles extend over joints and in this way contribute to joint stability. This is particularly evident in what joints

A

knee
shoulder

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36
Q

is considered an organ of the muscular system.

A

skeletal muscle

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37
Q

muscle in the ear

A

stapedium

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38
Q

is a single cylindrical muscle cell.

A

skeletal muscle fiber

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39
Q

Each muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the

A

epimysium

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40
Q

connective tissue outside the epimysium, surrounds and separates the muscles.

A

fascia

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41
Q

Each bundle of muscle fiber is called a

A

fasciculus

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42
Q

fasciculus is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the

A

perimysium

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43
Q

Within the fasciculus, each individual muscle cell, called a

A

muscle fiber

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44
Q

muscle fiber, is surrounded by connective tissue called the

A

endomysium

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45
Q

covering furnish support and protection for the delicate cells and allow them to withstand the forces of contraction.

A

connective tissue

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46
Q

fleshy part of the muscle,

A

belly
gaster

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47
Q

a thick ropelike tendon or a broad, flat sheet-like of muscle that extend beyond their gaster or belly

A

aponeurosis

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48
Q

form indirect attachments from muscles to the periosteum of bones or to the connective tissue of other muscles

A

aponeurosis
tendon

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49
Q

Typically a muscle spans a joint and is attached to bones by ____ at both ends

A

tendons

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50
Q

have an abundant supply of blood vessels and nerves. This is directly related to the primary function of contraction

A

skeletal muscle

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51
Q

Before a skeletal muscle fiber can contract, it has to receive an impulse from a

A

nerve cell

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52
Q

Generally, an artery and at least one vein accompany each nerve that penetrates the __ of a skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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53
Q

Branches of the nerve and blood vessels follow the connective tissue components of the muscle of a nerve cell and with one or more minute blood vessels called

A

capillaries

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54
Q

if the muscle does not have a name, it is considered as a ___

A

tissue

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55
Q

bundle of muscle fibers in the muscle

A

fascicle

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56
Q

fascicle is comprised of smaller structures called

A

muscle fiber

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57
Q

muscle fiber = muscle ___

A

cell

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58
Q

multiple of this make up a muscle fiber

A

myofibril

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59
Q

structures beside the transverse tubule

A

terminal cisternae

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60
Q

structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

terminal cisternae

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61
Q

what makes up a triad

A

terminal cisterna
transverse tubule

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62
Q

significant in skeletal muscle

A

triad

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63
Q

two proteins in sarcomere

A

myosin
actin

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64
Q

surrounded by actin

A

myosin

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65
Q

state of muscle rigidity, that begins 3-4 hours after death and last approx.24

A

rigor mortis

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66
Q

after death, ___ ions leave the SR and enable the myosin heads to bond to the actin fiber

A

Ca2+

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67
Q

since the synthesis of ATP has ceased, ___ bridges don’t separate until the time when proteolytic enzymes start to eliminate the cells

A

actin

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68
Q

n the body, there are three types of muscle:

A

skeletal
smooth
cardiac

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69
Q

attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements.

A

skeletal muscle

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70
Q

The _____ portion of the central nervous system (CNS) controls the skeletal muscles.

A

peripheral

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71
Q

Thus, these muscles are under conscious, or voluntary, control. T

A

skeletal muscle

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72
Q

The basic unit is the muscle fiber with many/single nuclei

A

many

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73
Q

are striated (having transverse streaks) and each acts independently of neighboring muscle fibers

A

skeletal muscle

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74
Q

found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system.

A

smooth muscle

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75
Q

cannot be controlled consciously and thus acts involuntarily.

A

smooth msucle

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76
Q

The non-striated (smooth) muscle cell is what shaped

A

spindle

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77
Q

how many central nuclei does smooth muscle have

A

one

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78
Q

contracts slowly and rhythmically.

A

smooth msucle

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79
Q

found in the walls of the heart, is also under control of the autonomic nervous system.

A

cardiac muscle

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80
Q

has one central nucleus, like smooth muscle, but it also is striated, like skeletal muscle.

A

cardiac muscle

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81
Q

shape of cardiac muscle cell

A

rectangular

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82
Q

The contraction of ____muscle is involuntary, strong, and rhythmical.

A

cardiac

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83
Q

There are more than ____ muscles in the body, which together account for about ___percent of a person’s weight.

A

600
40

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84
Q

vastus

A

huge

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85
Q

maximus

A

large

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86
Q

longus

A

long

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87
Q

minimus

A

small

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88
Q

brevis

A

short

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89
Q

deltoid

what shape

A

triangular

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90
Q

ike a rhombus with equal and parallel sides

A

rhomboid

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91
Q

wide

A

latissimus

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92
Q

round

A

teres

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93
Q

like a trapezoid, a four-sided figure with two sides parallel

A

trapezius

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94
Q

straight

what fiber

A

rectus

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95
Q

across

what fiber

A

transverse

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96
Q

diagonally

what fiber

A

oblique

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97
Q

circular

what fiber

A

orbicularis

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98
Q

chest

what muscle

A

pectoralis

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99
Q

buttock or rump

what muscle

A

gluteus

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100
Q

brachii

what msucle

A

arm

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101
Q

supra-

location of muscle?

A

above

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102
Q

infra-

what location of muscle

A

below

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103
Q

sub-

location of muscle?

A

under or beneath

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104
Q

lateralis

what location of muscle

A

lateral

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105
Q

two heads

A

biceps

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106
Q

three heads)

A

triceps

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107
Q

four heads

A

quadriceps

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108
Q

origin on the sternum and clavicle, insertion on the mastoid process);

A

sternocleidomastoideus

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109
Q

origin on the brachium or arm, insertion on the radius

A

brachioradialis

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110
Q

(to abduct a structure)

A

abductor

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111
Q

to adduct a structure

A

adductor

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112
Q

o flex a structure

A

flexor

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113
Q

(to extend a structure);

A

extensor

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114
Q

(to lift or elevate a structure);

A

levator

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115
Q

(a chewer)

A

masseter

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116
Q

. Muscles of facial expression include (5)

A

frontalis
orbicularis oris
laris oculi
buccinator
zygomaticus

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117
Q

There are four pairs of muscles that are responsible for chewing movements or ___

A

mastication

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118
Q

All of these muscles connect to the ___ and they are some of the strongest muscles in the body.

A

mandible

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119
Q

There are numerous muscles associated with the throat, the hyoid bone and the vertebral column; only two of the more obvious and superficial neck muscles are identified in the illustration:

A

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius

120
Q

temporal muscle, flat and fan shaped, located on the lateral side of the sun

O - temporal fossa
I - coronoid process of mandible
A- protrusion of mandible, elevation and retraction of mandible

innervated by the branches of the mandibular nerve of trigeminal nerve (CNV)

A

temporalis

121
Q

most powerful muscle of mastication

rectangular muscle (composed of superficial and deep)

O - zygomatic arch
I - masseteric tuberosity (superficial) ramus of mandible (deep)
A - elevate mandible, protrusion of mandible

Innervated by masseteric nerve by the CNV (trigeminal)

A

Masseter

122
Q

The muscles of the ___ include those that move the vertebral column, the muscles that form the thoracic and abdominal walls, and those that cover the pelvic outlet.

A

trunk

123
Q

large muscle mass that extends from the sacrum to the skull.

what group of muscle

A

erector spinae

124
Q

muscles that are primarily responsible for extending the vertebral column to maintain erect posture

A

erector spinae muscle group

125
Q

occupy the space between the spinous and transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.

A

deep back muscle

126
Q

are involved primarily in the process of breathing

A

muscle in thoracic wall

127
Q

are located in spaces between the ribs.

A

intercostal muscles

128
Q

They contract during forced expiration.

A

intercostal muscle

129
Q

contract to elevate the ribs during the inspiration phase of breathing.

internal/external intercostal muscle?

A

external

130
Q

is a dome-shaped muscle that forms a partition between the thorax and the abdomen

A

diaphragm

131
Q

has three openings in it for structures that have to pass from the thorax to the abdomen

A

diaphragm

132
Q

unlike the thorax and pelvis, has no bony reinforcements or protection.

A

abdomen

133
Q

The wall consists entirely of four muscle pairs, arranged in layers, and the fascia that envelops them.

A

abdomnal wall

134
Q

is formed by two muscular sheets and their associated fascia.

A

pelvic outlet

135
Q

made up of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

A

pectoralis muscle

136
Q

large, fan shaped muscle of the shoulder joint

O - medial half of clavicle, sternum, anterior layer of rectus sheath
I - crest of greater tuberosity of humerus
A - adduction of the humerus, anteversion, assist in respiration

innervated by C5 to T1 (brachial plexus)

A

pectoralis major

137
Q

include those that attach the scapula to the thorax and generally move the scapula, those that attach the humerus to the scapula and generally move the arm, and those that are located in the arm or forearm that move the forearm, wrist, and hand.

A

muscle of upper extremity

138
Q

Muscles that move the shoulder and arm include the

A

trapezius
serratus anterior

139
Q

muscles connect to the humerus and move the arm.

A

pectoralis major
latissimus dorsi
deltoid
rotator cuff

140
Q

The muscles that move the ____ are located along the humerus, which include the triceps brachii, biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis.

A

forearm

141
Q

The 20 or more muscles that cause most wrist, hand, and finger movements are located along the

A

forearm

142
Q

what side of the arm

coracobravhialis
brachialis
biceps brachii

A

anterior

143
Q

what side of the arm

anconeus
triceps brachii

A

posterior

144
Q

two heads, short head medially, lateral long head

O - scapula
I - radius

A

biceps brachii

145
Q

O - ant. surface of humerus
I - ulna

A

brachialis

146
Q

have their origins on some part of the pelvic girdle and their insertions on the femur.

A

thigh muscle

147
Q

he largest muscle mass belongs to the posterior group, the ____ muscles, which, as a group, adduct the thigh.

A

gluteal

148
Q

an anterior muscle, flexes the thigh.

A

iliopsoas

149
Q

muscle group straightens the leg at the knee.

A

quadriceps femoris

150
Q

antagonists to the quadriceps femoris muscle group, which are used to flex the leg at the knee

A

hamstrings

151
Q

which dorsiflexes the foot, is antagonistic to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

A

tibialis anteriror

152
Q

which plantar flex the foot.

A

gastronemius
soleus

153
Q

innervated by femoral nerve

flexor of hip joint

A

iliopsoas

154
Q

40 50% of total body weight voluntary

Mostly movement of bone & body parts

Stabilizing body positions

A

skeletal muscle

155
Q

only in heart involuntary

Heart only

Develops pressure for arterial blood flow

A

cardiac

156
Q

grouped in walls of hollow organs

Sphincters regulate flow in tubes

Maintain diameter of tubes

Move material in GI tract and reproductive organs

A

smooth muscle

157
Q

skeletal muscle that has no direct attachment to the bone

A

tongue

158
Q

what shape of skeletal muscle occupies the anal sphincter

A

circular

159
Q

main objective is to accomplish work in conjunction with bones (skeletal muscle)

A

muscle

160
Q

The state of activity or tension of a muscle beyond that related to its physical properties, that is, its active resistance to stretch.

A

muscle tonicity

161
Q

two principal substances that msucle store

A

glycogen and calcium

162
Q

act of shivering caused by a cold environment

anatomical or molecular?

A

anatomical

163
Q

generation of heat in molecular level

A

ATP breakdown

164
Q

anything that bears an anatomical name

A

muscle group

165
Q

surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers

A

perimysium

166
Q

surrounding an entire muscle

A

epimysium

167
Q

around individual muscle fiers

A

endomysium

168
Q

wrapped by the perimysium, bundle of fibers

A

fascicle

169
Q

surrounded by endomysium

A

fiber

170
Q

where does blood vessel and nerves pass through in skeletal muscle tissue

A

connective tissue

171
Q

surrounds fiber bundles called fascicles

A

perimysium

172
Q

surround each individual fiber

A

endomysium

173
Q

convergence of the three types of tissue make up the ____

A

tendon

174
Q

muscle injection sites should be rich/poor with blood vessels

A

rich

175
Q

consist of neuron, axon, or any individual axon fiber and the muscle fiber it innervate

A

motor unit

176
Q

make up the muscle fiber

A

myofibril

177
Q

make up the myofibril

A

myofilament

178
Q

myofilament is made up of

A

actin
myosin

179
Q

Elongated cylindrical cells = m

A

muscle fibers

180
Q

Plasma membrane =

A

sarcolemma

181
Q

s tunnel from surface to
center of each fiber

A

transverse tubule

182
Q

Cytoplasm

A

sarcoplasm

183
Q

◼ Multiple nuclei lie near/away surface of ce

A

near

184
Q

how many triad does cardiac muscle have

A

1 triad

185
Q

how many triad does skeletal muscle have

A

2 triad

186
Q

have no triads

A

smooth muscle

187
Q

shows its relative proximity to the sarcomere

A

triad

188
Q

part of sacroplasmic reticulum adjacent to transverse tubules

A

terminal cisterns

189
Q

will only happen when nerve impulses travel the inside of the muscle fiber

A

contraction

190
Q

where the nerve impulse enters to get inside

A

T tubule openings

191
Q

can be found in the myofibril

structural and functional unit of muscle tissue

have the necessary component in order for muscle contraction to happen

A

sarcomere

192
Q

measured in nanometers

can be viewed in electron microscope

A

sarcomere

193
Q

cell membrane of the muscle fiber

A

sarcolemma

194
Q

does not work similarly to ER, function in calcium reservoir, releases calcium and storage of calcium

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

195
Q

behaves like a vaccuum pump when on (relaxation happens) when off (contraction happens)

A

SR

196
Q

throughout sarcoplasm is this that stores calcium ions

A

SR

197
Q

contains myoglobin

A

sarcoplasm

198
Q

Red pigmented protein related to Hemoglobin that
carries oxygen

A

myoglobin

199
Q

Along entire length are

A

myofibrils

200
Q

made of protein filaments

A

myofibrils

201
Q

happens because of the calcium in the sarcoplasmic reticulum
(pump turns off permanently causing the muscle to contract), happens by the duration
of 24 hours

A

rigor mortis

202
Q

> decomposition happens after 24 hours
softening due to pancreatic enzymes (responsible for accelerated decomposition)

A

rigor mortis

203
Q

first removed when embalming

A

pancreas

204
Q

bisects the A band, H
zone, and sarcomere

A

M line

205
Q

space between the
thick filaments to allow
the thin filaments to slide

A

H zone

206
Q

“stands for Zigzag’
> intermediate filament makes up the Z line
> bisects the I band

A

z disc

207
Q

dark bond, stand for ‘anisotropic’ lack
of light

A

H zone

208
Q

stands for ‘Isotropic’ only thin filaments
even distribution of light
two bands are located

A

I band

209
Q

Unit structure is called s

A

sarcomere

210
Q

sarcomere is separated by

A

Z disc

211
Q

Darker area = ___ band associated with
thick filaments

A

A band

212
Q

has no thin filaments

A

H zone

213
Q

has thin filaments no thick
filaments

A

I band

214
Q

bends, allowing it to move towards the thin
filaments to attach itself for contraction

A

pivot point

215
Q

ingular protein that resembles a golf club

A

myosin

216
Q

> two/three myosin make up a twisted myosin protein

A

two

217
Q

principal protein, spherical/globular protein with a
structure that looks like an eye (myosin binding site)

A

actin

218
Q

wisted with each other (helical strand)

what strand

A

actin

219
Q

cover the myosin binding site, preventing the myosin
head (state of relaxation)

A

tropomyosin

220
Q

attached to the tropomyosin, changes it shape in the presence of calcium (exposing the myosing binding site_

A

troponin

221
Q

affect troponin

A

calcium

222
Q

attach by mere chemotaxis (attraction of two chemicals together)

A

myosin head

223
Q

has moveable
heads (like “heads” of golf clubs)

A

thick filament

224
Q

are anchored to Z
discs

A

thin filament

225
Q

❑ Contain myosin binding sites for myosin head
❑ Also contain tropomyosin & troponin

A

thin filament

226
Q

blocks myosin binding site
when muscle is at rest

A

tropomyosin

227
Q

universally accepted concept of muscle
contraction

A

sliding filament mechanism

228
Q

During contraction myosin heads bind to

A

actin site

229
Q

pull and slide actin molecules (and Z
discs) toward H zone

A

myosins

230
Q

become more narrow

what zones

A

I bands
H zones

231
Q

generates force and shortens
sarcomeres and thus fibers

A

sliding

232
Q

opened when electrical impulse carry over to T tubules

A

calcium gated channels

233
Q
  • entering the axon terminal to
    stimulate synaptic vesicle
A

calcium

234
Q

contains ACh

A

synaptic vesicle

235
Q

still part of the neuron, aligns with the synaptic vesicle

A

presynaptic terminal

236
Q

have receptors that
detect ACh to change the chemical impulse back to an electrical impulse

A

post synaptic membrane

237
Q

calcium is used in two ways

A

synaptic vescile stimulation
bind to troponin

238
Q

triggers muscle action potential

A

nerve signal

239
Q

Delivered by motor neuron

A

nerve signal

240
Q

can trigger 1 or more fibers at
the same time

A

one neuron

241
Q

Neuron plus triggered fibers =

A

motor unit

242
Q

Neuronal ending to muscle fiber =

A

neuromuscular junction

243
Q

Muscular area =

A

muscular area

244
Q

action at NMJ

A
  1. release of ACh (diffusion)
  2. activation of ACh receptors
  3. generation of muscle action potential (repeats with each neuronal action potential)
  4. breakdown of ACh
245
Q

contraction trigger

A

◼ Muscle action potential → Ca2+ release from
Sacroplasmic Reticulum (SR)
◼ Ca2+ binds to troponin →
◼ Moves tropomyosin off actin sites →
◼ Myosin binds & starts cycle

246
Q

binds to actin & releases phosphate
group (forming crossbridges)

A

myosin

247
Q

◼ Crossbridge swivels releasing ADP and
shortening sarcomere

A

powerstroke

248
Q
  • characterized by depletion of ATP
A

fatigue

249
Q

powerstroke is not completed (myosin head is still attached)

A

cramp

250
Q

attachment of myosin heads
> caused by the exposure of myosin binding site
> myosin shaft should be flexible (pivot point)
> chemotaxis should occur

A

crossbridge

251
Q

binds to the myosin head

A

ATP

252
Q

energy is expended for powerstroke

A

1st ATP

253
Q

needed to detach the myosin head

A

2nd ATP

254
Q

Breakdown of ACh to stop muscle action
potentials

A

muscle relaxation

255
Q

ions transported back into SR lowering
concentration →
❑ This takes ATP

A

Ca2+

256
Q

covers actin binding sites

A

tropomyosin

257
Q

Even at rest some motor neuron activity
occurs

A

muscle tone

258
Q

if nerves are cut fiber becomes

A

flaccid

259
Q

is the main high-energy, phosphate-storage molecule of muscle, short lived about 15 secs

A

creatine phosphate

260
Q

Break down glucose to 2 pyruvates getting 2
ATP

A

glycolysis

261
Q

If insufficient mitochondria or oxygen,
pyruvate →

A

lactic acid

262
Q

Get about 30–40 seconds more activity
maximally

A

glycolysis

263
Q

end product of glycolysis > pyruvic acid > (possible if there is oxygen)

A

acetyl-CoA

264
Q

end product of glycolysis > pyruvic acid > ____ (oxygen debt, fermentation happens)

A

lactic acid

265
Q

causes muscle pain (replenish your oxygen debtt

A

lactic acid

266
Q

◼ Production of ATP in mitochondria
◼ Requires oxygen and carbon substrate
◼ Produces CO2 and H2O and heat.

A

aerobic cellular respiration

267
Q

Inability to contract forcefully after prolonged
activit

A

fatigue

268
Q

Limiting factors can include:
❑ Ca2+
❑ Creatine Phosphate
❑ Oxygen
❑ Build up of acid
❑ Neuronal failure

A

fatigue

269
Q

◼Convert lactic acid back to glucose in liver
◼ Resynthesize creatine phosphate and ATP
◼ Replace oxygen removed from myoglobin

what after exercise

A

oxygen

270
Q

→ twitch
❑ Smaller than maximum muscle force

A

single action potential

271
Q

Total tension of ___ depends on
frequency of APs (number/second)

A

fiber

272
Q

Total tension of ___ depends on
number of fibers contracting in unison

A

muscle

273
Q

small diameter and red
❑ Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria
❑ ATP production primarily oxidative
❑ Fatigue resistant

what kind of fiber

A

slow oxidative

274
Q

glycolytic (FOG)
❑ Large diameter = many myofibrils
❑ Many mitochondria and high glycolytic capacity

A

fast oxidative

275
Q

White, fast & powerful and fast fatiguing
❑ For strong, short term use

A

fast glycolytic fibers

276
Q

Muscle contractions only use the fibers
required for the work

A

motor unit recruitment

277
Q

what is used for sprinters

A

high FG

278
Q

what is used for marathoners

A

SO

279
Q

◼ Endurance exercise gives

A

FG -> FOG

280
Q

increases size and
strength of FG fibers

A

strength exercise

281
Q

involuntary muscle found only in heart wall
Striated, branched short fibers with single,
central nucleus in each fiber

A

cardiac muscle

282
Q

thickened cell membranes that connects cardiac muscle fibers

A

intercalated discs

283
Q

Gap junctions that allow spread of action
potentials

A

cardiac muscle

284
Q

generated by abundant mitochondria
and by lactic acid when cells lack oxygen

A

ATP

285
Q

Does not require nerve stimulation nerve

A

cardiac muscle

286
Q

as its own intrinsic pacemaker (and conduction
system within cardiac muscle) that initiates cardiac
contraction known as

A

autorhythmicity

287
Q

Intercalated discs with gap junctions transmit
action potentials from ne muscle cell to the
next

what muscle

A

cardiac muscle

288
Q

◼ Involuntary
◼ Found in internal organs such as stomach,
bladder, walls of arteries

A

smooth msucle

289
Q

◼ Structure
❑ Tapered cells each with single nucleus
❑ Filaments not regular so tissue does not appear
striated

A

smooth muscle

290
Q

type of smooth muscle

A

visceral
multi-unit type

291
Q

◼ As with bone there is a slow progressive loss
of skeletal muscle mass
◼ Relative number of SO fibers tends to
increase

A

aging

292
Q

Muscles move one bone relative to another
around one or more joint(s

A

movement

293
Q

most stationary end
❑ Location where the tendon attaches

A

origin

294
Q

most mobile end
❑ Location where tendon inserts

A

insertion

295
Q

→ the motion or function of the
muscle

A

action

General Physiology (15 decks)

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