ECG Flashcards
correspond to the valves closing
LUBB-DUBB
is produced when the atrioventricular valves i.e. tricuspid and bicuspid valves close at the start of ventricular systole
LUB
is produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.
DUB
tricuspid and mitral valves
atrioventricular valves
located on the left side of the heart
bicuspid
located on the right side of the heart
tricuspid valve
pulmonary and aortic valves are part of
semilunar valves
are located at the connections between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, and the aorta and the left ventricle
semilunar valves
contraction or depolarization
systole
happens when a chamber squeezes blood out
systole
relaxation or repolarization
diastole
happens when a chamber is ready to receive blood
diastole
graphic representation of the heart’s electrical activities throughout the body
electrocardiogram
measure the difference in electrical potential between two points
leads
standard EKG leads
lead I, II, and III
3 augmented limb leads
aVR, AVL, aVF
how many precordial leads
6
generated by the combination of 3 electrodes
12-lead ECG
septal view of the heart in what electrode
V1 and V2a
anterior view of the hear
V3 and V4
lateral view of the heart
what electrode
V5 and V6
lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LA electrodes)
lead I
inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LL electrodes)
Lead II
inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between the LA and LL electrodes)
Lead III
lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between LA=LL>RA)
aVR
Lateral view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LL >LA
aVL
inferior view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LA>LL
aVF
rate at which ECG machine produces a trace
paper output speed
standard output in ECG
25 mm/s
1 small square (1mm) is equal to
0.04s
5 small square (5mm) =
0.2 sec (200ms)
5 large squares
1 second
calculating rates includ
large square method
small square method
r wave method
calculate the rates using large square method
+1
calculate the rates using small square method
+1
study R wave method
+1
normal heart beat in adults
60-100
tachycardia in adults
> 100bpm
bradycardia in adults
<60 bpm
normal heart beat in newborn
110-150bpm
normal heart beat in 2 yrs old
85-125
normal heart beat in 4 years old
75-115
normal heart beat in 6 years
60-100
rhythms can be
regular and irregular
irregular rhythms can be
regularly irregular
irregularly irregular
atrial depolarization
what part of PQRST Wave
P wave
what part of PQRST Wave
ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
what part of PQRST Wave
ventricular repolarization
T wave
what part of PQRST Wave
Purkinje Fiber repolarization
U wave
measruement of ST segment depression in exercise stress testing
J-60 Point
measurement of ST segment elevation and ST segment depression in most instances
J point
correct reference level for measuring ST segment is
PR segment
also called baseline level or isoelectric segment
PR segment
Also known as ECG or EKG.
electrocardiogram
It is a test that records the electrical activity of your heart, including the rate and rhythm
electrocardiogram
is the process of producing an electrocardiogram, a recording of the heart’s electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles.
electrocardiography
: located in the heart’s upper right chamber, it initiates electrical impulses.
sinoatrial node
delays impulse before transmitting them to the ventricles.
atrioventricular node
conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.
bundle of his
conduct the impulse through the interventricular septum.
bundle branches
distribute impulses throughout the ventricles, causing them to contract.
purkinje fibers
60 – 100 BPM
inherent rate of what node
SA node
inherent rate of 40 – 60 BPM
atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of his
inherent rates of cardiac cells
20-40bpm
bundle branches
purkinje fibers
– the heart rate generated by which cardiac cells that sends the impulse
inherent rates
represents atrial depolarization (atria contracts/systole).
p wave
represents ventricular depolarization (ventricles contracts/systole
qrs complex
– represents ventricular repolarization (ventricle relax/diastole)
t wave
onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex (It reflects conduction through the AV node).
P-R interval
represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
ST interval
– Represents time taken for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
QT interval
how to do ECG
Identify the rhythm
Determine the heart rate
Identify and Examine the P waves
Measure the P-R interval
Measure the QRS complex
Interpret the strip
determine the heart rate method
+1
method works best for regular rhythm
1500 method
count the # of R in between and multiply by 10
6 seconds strip method
Works best for regular/irregular rhythm
6 seconds strip method
must be present and upright.
P wave
abnormalities areassociated with left atrial enlargement, left atrial hypertension, and altered conduction
P wave abnormalities
Obtained by counting the number of small boxes in between beginning of the P wave and at the beginning of the QRS complex and multiplying it 0.04 sec.
P-R interval
PR interval formula
of box Beginning P wave to Beginning QRS x 0.04
Obtained by counting the number of small boxes within the QRS complex then multiply by 0.04 sec
QRS complex
QRS complex formula
of box within QRS x 0.04
