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General Physiology > ECG > Flashcards

ECG Flashcards

1
Q

correspond to the valves closing

A

LUBB-DUBB

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2
Q

is produced when the atrioventricular valves i.e. tricuspid and bicuspid valves close at the start of ventricular systole

A

LUB

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3
Q

is produced at the beginning of ventricular diastole when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.

A

DUB

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4
Q

tricuspid and mitral valves

A

atrioventricular valves

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5
Q

located on the left side of the heart

A

bicuspid

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6
Q

located on the right side of the heart

A

tricuspid valve

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7
Q

pulmonary and aortic valves are part of

A

semilunar valves

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8
Q

are located at the connections between the pulmonary artery and the right ventricle, and the aorta and the left ventricle

A

semilunar valves

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9
Q

contraction or depolarization

A

systole

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10
Q

happens when a chamber squeezes blood out

A

systole

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11
Q

relaxation or repolarization

A

diastole

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12
Q

happens when a chamber is ready to receive blood

A

diastole

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13
Q

graphic representation of the heart’s electrical activities throughout the body

A

electrocardiogram

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14
Q

measure the difference in electrical potential between two points

A

leads

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15
Q

standard EKG leads

A

lead I, II, and III

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16
Q

3 augmented limb leads

A

aVR, AVL, aVF

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17
Q

how many precordial leads

A

6

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18
Q

generated by the combination of 3 electrodes

A

12-lead ECG

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19
Q

septal view of the heart in what electrode

A

V1 and V2a

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20
Q

anterior view of the hear

A

V3 and V4

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21
Q

lateral view of the heart

what electrode

A

V5 and V6

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22
Q

lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LA electrodes)

A

lead I

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23
Q

inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between RA and LL electrodes)

A

Lead II

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24
Q

inferior view (calculated by analysing activity between the LA and LL electrodes)

A

Lead III

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25
lateral view (calculated by analysing activity between LA=LL>RA)
aVR
26
Lateral view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LL >LA
aVL
27
inferior view calculated by analysing activity between RA=LA>LL
aVF
28
rate at which ECG machine produces a trace
paper output speed
29
standard output in ECG
25 mm/s
30
1 small square (1mm) is equal to
0.04s
31
5 small square (5mm) =
0.2 sec (200ms)
32
5 large squares
1 second
33
calculating rates includ
large square method small square method r wave method
34
calculate the rates using large square method
+1
35
calculate the rates using small square method
+1
36
study R wave method
+1
37
normal heart beat in adults
60-100
38
tachycardia in adults
>100bpm
39
bradycardia in adults
<60 bpm
40
normal heart beat in newborn
110-150bpm
41
normal heart beat in 2 yrs old
85-125
42
normal heart beat in 4 years old
75-115
43
normal heart beat in 6 years
60-100
44
rhythms can be
regular and irregular
45
irregular rhythms can be
regularly irregular irregularly irregular
46
atrial depolarization what part of PQRST Wave
P wave
47
what part of PQRST Wave ventricular depolarization
QRS complex
48
what part of PQRST Wave ventricular repolarization
T wave
49
what part of PQRST Wave Purkinje Fiber repolarization
U wave
50
measruement of ST segment depression in exercise stress testing
J-60 Point
51
measurement of ST segment elevation and ST segment depression in most instances
J point
52
correct reference level for measuring ST segment is
PR segment
53
also called baseline level or isoelectric segment
PR segment
54
Also known as ECG or EKG.
electrocardiogram
55
It is a test that records the electrical activity of your heart, including the rate and rhythm
electrocardiogram
56
is the process of producing an electrocardiogram, a recording of the heart's electrical activity through repeated cardiac cycles. 
electrocardiography
57
: located in the heart’s upper right chamber, it initiates electrical impulses.
sinoatrial node
58
delays impulse before transmitting them to the ventricles.
atrioventricular node
59
conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles.
bundle of his
60
conduct the impulse through the interventricular septum.
bundle branches
61
distribute impulses throughout the ventricles, causing them to contract.
purkinje fibers
62
60 – 100 BPM inherent rate of what node
SA node
63
inherent rate of 40 – 60 BPM
atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of his
64
inherent rates of cardiac cells 20-40bpm
bundle branches purkinje fibers
65
– the heart rate generated by which cardiac cells that sends the impulse
inherent rates
66
represents atrial depolarization (atria contracts/systole).
p wave
67
represents ventricular depolarization (ventricles contracts/systole
qrs complex
68
– represents ventricular repolarization (ventricle relax/diastole)
t wave
69
onset of the P wave to the start of the QRS complex (It reflects conduction through the AV node).
P-R interval
70
 represents the interval between ventricular depolarization and repolarization
ST interval
71
– Represents time taken for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.
QT interval
72
how to do ECG
Identify the rhythm Determine the heart rate Identify and Examine the P waves Measure the P-R interval Measure the QRS complex Interpret the strip
73
determine the heart rate method
+1
74
method works best for regular rhythm
1500 method
75
count the # of R in between and multiply by 10
6 seconds strip method
76
Works best for regular/irregular rhythm
6 seconds strip method
77
must be present and upright.
P wave
78
abnormalities are associated with left atrial enlargement, left atrial hypertension, and altered conduction
P wave abnormalities
79
Obtained by counting the number of small boxes in between beginning of the P wave and at the beginning of the QRS complex and multiplying it 0.04 sec.
P-R interval
80
PR interval formula
of box Beginning P wave to Beginning QRS x 0.04
81
Obtained by counting the number of small boxes within the QRS complex then multiply by 0.04 sec
QRS complex
82
QRS complex formula
of box within QRS x 0.04

General Physiology (15 decks)

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