Module 3 Laboratory Flashcards
attach to the base of the brain, exit the cranium through its foramina, and lead to muscles and sense organs primarily in the head and neck
cranial nerves
Majority of them are “mixed” and serve both sensory and motor functions of the neck and head
cranial nerves
Few pairs are exclusively sensory and associated with special senses such as vision and hearing
cranial nerves
Others are involved in the control of muscles and glands
cranial nerves
– how many pairs of nerves leave the ventral surface of the brain
12 pairs
– numbering of cranial nerve that indicate the order in which the nerve emerges from the brain stem moving from anterior to posterior
roman numeral
cluster of neurons in each cranial nerve that integrates incoming sensory information and/or outgoing motor control
nucleus
two locations where the nuclei of cranial nerves I through IV are found
forebrain and midbrain
two locations where the nuclei of cranial nerves V through XII are found
hindbrain’s pons and medulla oblongata
cell bodies outside the brain in clusters (PNS)
ganglia
cell bodies of motor neurons are found in what matter of the brain
grey matter
cranial nerves that are strictly sensory and carry this information to the central nervous system for interpretation
cranial nerves I, II, VIII
cranial nerves that function primarily to move muscles but each has some sensory function that relays proprioception information about the state of each muscle to the central nervous system
Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI, XI, XII
mixed nerves, having both sensory and motor functions
Cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X
assessment of this is commonly done as part of a general physical examination of the head, eyes, ears, nose, throat, and neck as performed by a physician, physician’s assistant, nurse, or paramedic
cranial nerve function
- Professionals who perform a more comprehensive examination of the cranial nerve functions is usually done by specialists such as (4)
Neurologists
Ophthalmologists
Optometrist
Audiologists
- Materials used in the module 3:
- Nonirritating substance
- 10% salt solution
- 10% sugar solution
- Snellen chart
- Meter stick
- Cotton
- Cotton swab
- Tongue depressor
- Pen light
- 256 Hz tuning fork
- Reflex hammer with brush pin
subject is asked to identify with eyes closed each of the nonirritating odors
Cranial Nerve I: Olfactory Nerve
Odors should be familiar to the subject to be able to differentiate between and inability to smell substance and an inability to identify it
Each nostril is tested separately (one finger must cover the other nostril
what cranial nerve is tested
cranial nerve I
two tests are being performed to test this cranial nerve: visual acuity and visual fields
cranial nerve II: Optic Nerve
sharpness of vision when looking at near as well as distant objects using the standardized chart such as Snellen Test Letter Chart
visual acuity
measures visual acuity, which is the clearness or sharpness of vision
eye chart
distance in feet from chart
snellen chart
top number/numerator
distance at which a person with normal eyesight can read the same line
snellen chart
bottom number