Digestive System Flashcards
includes the digestive tract and its accessory organs, which process food into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body.
digestive system
includes the digestive tract and its accessory organs, which process food into molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells of the body.
digestive system
is broken down, bit by bit, until the molecules are small enough to be absorbed and the waste products are eliminated
foodd
digestive tract is also called the
alimentary canal or GI tract
consists of a long continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus.
digestive tract
are accessory structures located in the mouth.
tongue teeth
major accessory organs that have a role in digestion.
liver
gallbladder
pancreas
Food undergoes three types of processes in the body:
digestion
absorption
elimination
processes that occur in the digestive tract
digestion
absorption
After the nutrients are absorbed, they are available to all cells in the body and are utilized by the body cells in
metabolism
prepares nutrients for utilization by body cells through six activities, or functions.
digestive system
The first activity of the digestive system is to take in food through the mouth. This process, called
ingestion
begins in the mouth with chewing or mastication and continues with churning and mixing actions in the stomach.
mechanical digestion
The complex molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are transformed by chemical digestion into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and utilized by the cells.
chemical digestion
uses water and digestive enzymes to break down the complex molecules.
hydrolysis
speed up the hydrolysis process, which is otherwise very slow.
digestive enzymes
Mixing movements occur in the stomach as a result of
smooth muscle contraction
The movements that propel the food particles through the digestive tract are called
peristalsis
rhythmic waves of contractions that move the food particles through the various regions in which mechanical and chemical digestion takes place.
peristalsis
The simple molecules that result from chemical digestion pass through cell membranes of the lining in the small intestine into the blood or lymph capillaries. This process is called
absorption
The removal of indigestible wastes through the anus, in the form of feces is
defecation
digestive tract is how long
9 meters in length
The wall of the digestive tract has four layers or tunics:
mucosa
submucosa
muscular layer
serous layer or serosa