muscle charts (spine/LE) COPY COPY Flashcards
erector spinae
intermediate back layer
- attachments: TLF attached to sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous ligament, angles of ribs > costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs and transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)
- spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis
- longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
- iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
- action: extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
semispinalis
deep, transversospinales group
- attachments: transverse processes > distant superior spinous processes
- semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
- action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
multifidus
deep, transversospinales group
- attachments: sacrum, posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes > more superior spinous processes
- multifidus: sacral, lumbar, thoracic, cervical
- action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
rotatores longus and brevis
deep, transversospinales group
- attachments: transverse processes > spinous processes of vertebra above (1-2 levels)
- action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column
- innervation: dorsal rami of nerves
interspinales
deep
- attachments: between adjacent spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
- cervical: 6
- thoracic: 2-3
- lumbar: 4
- action: extension of spine
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
intertransversarii
deep
- attachments: between transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae
- action: lateral flexion of spine
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerve
splenius cervicis
superficial
- attachments: spinous process of T3-T6 > posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae
- action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of head and neck
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
splenius capitis
superficial
- attachments: ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of T4-C7 > lateral 1/3 of superior nuchal line
- action: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
- innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nerves
longus colli
- attachments: anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 > anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1
- action: flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation
- innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerves (C2-7)
longus capitis
- attachments: anterior tubercles C3-C6 > basilar portion occipital bone
- action: flexion, ipsilateral rotation
- innervation: ventral rami of spinal nerve (C1-3)
latissimus dorsi
- attachments: lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest > floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- action: adduction, extension, medial rotation of humerus
- innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
levator scapulae
- attachments: transverse processes of C1-4 > superior angle and superomedial border of scapula
- action: elevation and downward rotation of scapula
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
rhomboids
- attachments: spinous processes T2-3, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T1 > medial border of scapula
- action: scapular retraction, elevation and upward rotation
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4-5) - sensory C3-4
trapezius
- attachments: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, cervical and thoracic spinous processes > clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine
- action: scap elevation, retraction, depression, upward rotation
- innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI) - sensory C3-4
extrinsic superficial muscle layer
axio-appendicular
- trapezius
- latissimus dorsi
- levator scapulae
- rhomboids
CN XI/ventral rami of spinal nn. to dorsum of body
extrinsic intermediate muscles
- serratus posterior superior
- serratus posterior inferior
intercostal nn. at corresponding levels
intrinsic superficial muscles
- splenius capitis
- splenius cervicis
dorsal rami of spinal nn.
intrinsic intermediate layer
erector spinae
- spinalis
- thoracis, cervicis, (semi) capitis
- longissimus
- capitis, cervicis, thoracis
- iliocostalis
- cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
lateral br. of dorsal rami of spinal nn.
intrinsic deep layer
- semi spinalis
- capitis, thoracis, cervicis
- multifidus
- rotatores
- longus, brevis
- interspinales, intertransversarii
- function in proprioception
dorsal rami of spinal nn.
adductor brevis
- attachments: inferior pubic ramus > distal 2/3 pectineal line, medial lip linea aspera
- action: adducts and flexes hip
- innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
adductor longus
- attachments: pubic crest > medial lip linea aspera
- action: adduction, medial rotation, flexion of hip
- innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
adductor magnus
- attachments: inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, ischial tuberosity >
- hamstring: medial supracondylar ridge, adductor tubercle of femur
- adductor: gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
- action:
- hamstring: extends hip
- adductor: adducts and flexes hip
- innervation:
- hamstring: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S1)
- adductor: obturator nerve (L2-4)
gracilis
- attachments: body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus > medial surface of tibia (lateral to sartorius inseration, distal to condyle, proximal to semitendinosus insertion)
- action:
- flexes and medially rotates knee
- adducts hip
- innervation: obturator nerve (L2-4)
pectineus
- attachments: superior pubic ramus > femur between lesser trochanter and linea aspera (pectineal line)
- action: adducts, flexes hip
- innervation: femoral nerve and obturator nerve (L2-4)
obturator externus
- attachments: ramis of pubis and ischium, external surface obturator membrane
- action: laterally rotates hip
- innervation: obturator nerve (L3-4)
biceps femoris
- attachments:
- long head: ischial tuberosity, sacrotuberous ligament > lateral side of fibular head
- short head: lateral lip of linia aspera, lateral supracondylar ridge > lateral side of fibular head
- action:
- LH: extends hip, flexes and laterally rotates knee
- SH: flexes and laterally rotates knee
- innervation:
- LH: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S3)
- SH: fibular division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
semitendinosus
- attachments: ischial tuberosity > proximal, medial tibia
- action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee
- innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)
semimembranosus
- attachments: ischial tuberosity > posterior medial tibial condyle
- action: extends hip, flexes and medially rotates knee
- innervation: tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L4-S2)