foot/ankle LOs

Question 1

first layer of muscles in foot

Answer 1

• contents: flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi
• actions: flex 2-5, abduct big toe and pinky toe
• innervation: medial and lateral plantar nerves
• blood supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 2

second layer of muscles in foot

Answer 2

• contents: qyadratus plantae, lumbricals (4)
• actions: assist FDL, flex proximal MP, extend IP
• innervation: medial and lateral plantar nerves
• blood supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries

Question 3

third layer of muscles in foot

Answer 3

• contents: adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique heads), flexor hallucis brevis, flexor digiti minimi brevis
• actions: adduct great toe, flex big toe MP, flex 5th digit
• innervation: medial and lateral plantar nerves
• blood supply: medial and lateral plantar arteries, plantar arch

Question 4

fourth layer of muscles in foot

Answer 4

• contents: plantar interossei (3), dorsal interossei (4)
  
  • digit 2 is axis for abduction and adduction
• actions: abduct and adduct, flex MP joint
  
  • PI: 3-5
  • DI: 2-4
• innervation: lateral plantar nerve
• blood supply: arcuate artery, plantar arch

Question 5

position of tendons that pass posterior to medial malleolus

Answer 5

tibialis anterior

flexor digitorum longus

(tibial nerve, posterior tibial artery and vein)

flexor hallucis longus

Question 6

medial plantar nerve

Answer 6

from tibial nerve

• S/PS/Mto medial muscles in plantar surface

Question 7

lateral plantar nerve

Answer 7

from tibial nerve

• S/PS/M to lateral muscles of plantar surface of foot

Question 8

deep fibular nerve

Answer 8

• S/PS/M to tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibialis tertius

Question 9

path and location of muscular branch origin of tibial nerve in foot

Answer 9

• muscular branch: S/PS/M of FDL and FHL in foot
• tibial nerve also becomes medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 10

location to take medial malleolar and dorsalis pedis pulses

Answer 10

• dorsalis pedis: pulse lateral to EHL tendon, top of foot
• medial malleolar: posteroinferior to medial malleolus
  
  • posterior tibial artery

Question 11

primary motions of ankle

Answer 11

• plantar flexion/dorsiflexion
• inversion/eversion

Question 12

primary motions of toes

Answer 12

• flexion/extension
• abduction/adduction

Question 13

ligament closely applied to joint capsule of ankle

Answer 13

• anterior talofibular ligament

Question 14

arrangement of tarsal bones

Answer 14

• calcaneus
• talus
• navicular
• cuboid
• lateral, intermediate, medial cuneiform