CN LOs Flashcards
1
Q
CN I
A
olfactory
- CNS level: forebrain (telencephalon)
- cells of origin: nasal mucosa
- skull opening: cribiform foramina
- ganglion/main central connection: olfactory bulb/medial temporal lobe
- branches: NA
- function: sensory (smell)
- distribution: olfactory mucosa of nose
2
Q
CN II
A
optic
- CNS level: forebrain (diencephalon)
- cells of origin: ganglion cells in retina
- opening in skull: optic canal
- ganglion/main central connection: lateral geniculate nuclei
- branches: optic chiasm and tract
- function: sensory (vision)
- distribution: retina of eye
3
Q
CN III
A
oculomotor
- CNS level: midbrain
- cells of origin: oculmotor nucleus, Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- opening in skull: superior oribtal fissue
- ganglion/main central connection: ciliary
- branches: superior and inferior rami, inferior rami (via short ciliary)
- function: motor, parasympathetic
- distribution: levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus, ciliary body, iris
4
Q
CN IV
A
trochlear
- CNS level: midbrain
- cells of origin: trochlear nucleus (contralateral)
- opening in skull: superior orbital fissure
- ganglion/main central connection: NA
- branches: NA
- function: motor
- distribution: superior oblique
5
Q
CN V1
A
opthalmic
- CNS level: pones
- cells of origin: trigeminal ganglion
- opening in skull: superior orbital fissure
- ganglion/main central connection: trigeminal sensory nucleus
- branches: lacrimal, nasociliary, frontal
- function: sensory
- distribution: skin, lacrimal gland, nasal cavity, conjunctiva, cavity
6
Q
CN V2
A
maxillary
- CNS level: pons
- cells of origin: trigeminal ganglion
- opening in skull: foramen rotundum
- ganglion/main central connection: trigeminal sensory nucleus
- branches: infraorbital, pterygopalatine
- function: sensory
- distribution: skin mid face, teeth, mucous membrane, upper palate, nasopharynx
7
Q
CN V3
A
mandibular
- CNS level: pons
- cells of origin:
- motor: trigeminal motor
- sensory: trigeminal ganglion
- opening in skull: foramen ovale
- ganglion/main central connection:
- motor: NA
- sensory: trigeminal sensory nucleus
- branches:
- motor: inferior alveolar, deep temporal, masseteric, pterygoids
- sensory: ^ + meningeal, mental, auriculotemporal
- function: motor, sensory
- distribution:
- motor: 1st pharyngeal arch derivatives
- sensory: skin lower face, tongue, mandibular teeth, ear
8
Q
CN VI
A
abducens
- CNS level: pons
- cells of origin: abduences nucleus
- opening in skull: superior orbital fissure
- ganglion/main central connection: NA
- branches: NA
- function: motor
- distribution: lateral rectus
9
Q
CN VII
A
facial
- CNS level: pons
- cells of origin:
- M: facial motor nucleus
- S: geniculate ganglion
- PS: superior salivary nucleus
- opening in skull: internal acoustic meatus
- ganglion/main central connection:
- S: trigeminal sensory nucleus/nucleus solitarius
- PS: pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia
- branches:
- M: main root
- S: palatine/posterior ear/lingual via CT
- PS: chorda tympani
- function: branchial motor (2nd), parasympathetic, sensory/taste
- distribution:
- M: muscles of facial expression, stapedius, post. digastric, stylohyoid
- S: palate, skin posterior ear, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, facial muscles proprioception, taste anterior 2/3 of tongue
- PS: lacrimal and mucosa glands of nasal cavity, parnasal sinuses, roof of mouth, soft palate, pterygopalatine and submandibular glands
10
Q
CN VIII
A
vestibulocochlear
- CNS level: pons
- cells of origin:
- sensory equilibrium: vestibular ganglion
- sensory hearing: spiral ganglion
- opening in skull: internal acoustic meatus
- ganglion/main central connection:
- sensory equilibrium: vestibular nuclei/cerebellar
- sensory hearing: dorsal/ventral cochlear nucleus
- branches: NA
- function: equilibrium, hearing
- distribution:
- sensory equilibrium: hair cells of ampullary crest in semicirular ducts
- sensory hearing: hair cells of spinal organ (of Corti)
11
Q
CN IX
A
glossopharyngeal
- CNS level: medulla
- cells of origin:
- M: nucleus ambiguus
- S: superior/inferior ganglia
- PS: inferior salviary nucleus
- opening in skull: jugular foramen
- ganglion/main central connection:
- S: trigeminal sensory nucleus/nucleus solitarius
- PS: otic ganglion
- branches:
- S: lingual (2), tonsilar, pharyngeal brr., carotid br.
- PS: via auriculotemporal n
- function: branchial motor (third), sensory/taste/visceral, parasympathetic
- distribution:
- M: 3rd branchial arch
- S: sensory/taste posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, middle ear, cheam/baroreceptors from carotid body/sinus
- PS: parotid gland
12
Q
CN X
A
vagus
- CNS level: medulla
- cells of origin:
- M: nucleus ambiguus
- S: superion/inferior ganglia
- PS: dorsal motor nucleus
- opening in skull: jugular foramen
- ganglion/main central connection:
- S: spinal trigeminal nucleus, superior and inferior ganglia
- PS: neurons in/near viscera
- branches:
- M: pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal
- S: auricular, cardiac, internal laryngeal
- PS: internal laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal, vagal trunk
- function: branchial motor (fourth and sixth), sensory/visceral/taste
- distribution:
- M: 6th and 4th pharyngeal arches
- S: skin (ear), aortic arach, thorax and abdominal viscera, epiglottis and palate
- PS: smooth muscle viscera to splenic flexure
13
Q
CN XI
A
accessory
- CNS level: spinal cord (C1-5)
- cells of origin: ventral horn (C1-5)
- opening in skull: foramen magnum, jugular foramen
- ganglion/main central connection: NA
- branches: NA
- function: motor
- distribution: sternocleidomastoid muscle, trapezius muscle
14
Q
CN XII
A
hypoglossal
- CNS level: medulla
- cells of origin: hypoglossal nucleus
- opening in skull: hypoglossal canal
- ganglion/main central connection: NA
- branches: NA
- function: motor
- distribution: styloglossus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, intrinsic muscles of tongue
15
Q
meningeal coverings and spaces
A
- bone
- dura mater (periosteal, meningeal):
- superior sagittal sinus here
- dural infolding: falx cerebri
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater