anatomy final LOs Flashcards
1
Q
anatomical snuffbox
A
- boundaries
- dorsal: extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
- 3rd extensor compartment
- volar: abductor pollicis longus (APL) and extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)
- 1st extensor compartment
- dorsal: extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
- contens
- scaphoid bone of wrist is floor of anatomical snuff box: most commonly fractured bone in wrist
2
Q
cerebral arterial circle
A
- vertebral arteries
- anterior spinal artery
- posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PICA)
- basilar artery
- anterior inferior cerebellar arteries (AICA)
- pontine arteries
- superior cerebellar arteries
components of CAC
- posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)
- posterior communicating arteries
- internal carotid arteries
- middle cerebral arteries (MCA)
- anterior cerebral arteries (ACA)
- anterior communicating arteries
3
Q
blood flow through chambers and valves of heart
A
- SVC/IVC
- right atrium
- tricuspid/right atrioventricular valve
- right ventricle
- pulmonary semilunar valve
- pulmonary trunk
- pulmonary arteries
- lungs
- pulmonary veins
- left atrium
- left atrioventricular/mitral valve
- left ventricle
- ascending aorta/aortic arch
4
Q
branching of coronary arteries on heart surface
A
- right coronary artery
- SA nodal
- atrial rami
- right marginal branch
- posterior interventricular branch
- left coronary artery
- anterior interventricular branch
- atrial rami
- left marginal branch (left anterior descending)
- circumflex branch
5
Q
dural venous sinus drainage
A
- superior and inferior sagittal sinuses connected by straight sinus
- great cerebral vein
- transverse sinus to sigmoid sinus through jugular foramen to internal jugular vein
- pterygoid plexus through emmissaries to cavernous sinus
- opthalmics to cavnerous sinus through jugular foramen through superior and inferior petrosal sinuses
6
Q
clinically relevant sites on dermatome maps
A
- C5: deltoid tuberosity
- C6: thumb
- C8: pinky
- T1: median aspect forearm
- T4: nipple
- T6: skin over xiphoid
- T10: umbilicus
- L4: big toe
- S1: pinky toe
7
Q
lower extremity cutaneous nerve fields
A
- perforating cutaenous: middle butt
- lateral femoral cutaneous: lateral thigh
- posterior cutaneous of thigh: posterior thigh
- obturator: distal medial thigh
- saphenous: medial leg
- sural/klateral sural: lateral leg
- sural/superficial fibular: lateral foot
- deep fibular: flipflop area between big and second toes
8
Q
cutaneous nerve fields of face
A
- apex of skull to lower eyelid, top of nose: trigeminal, ophthalmic
- supra-orbital, supratrochlear, infratrochlear, lacrimal, external nasal
- temporal region, cheek bones, sides of nose, upper lip: trigeminal, maxillary
- zygomatico-temporal, zygomaticofacial, infra-orbital
- front of ear, sides of face, jaw line: trigeminal, mandibular
- auriculotemporal, buccal, mental
- sides of neck, psoterior ear: anterior rami great auricular (C2, C3)
- back of head: greater occipital (C3)
9
Q
meningeal coverings of the central nervous system
A
- dura mater: infolding creates falx cerebri
- periosteal: against the skull
- meningeal: divides cerebellum
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater: bonded to CNS
10
Q
genu valgum
A
- “coxa vara”
- knock-knee
- decreased level angle of inclination (<125)
11
Q
genu varum
A
- coxa valga
- increased angle of inclination (>125)
- bow-legged
12
Q
anteversion
A
- increased angle of torsion
- pigion toed
13
Q
retroversion
A
- decreased angle of torsion
- duck feet
14
Q
autonomic ganglion
A
- oculomotor: ciliary ganglion
- facial: pterygopalatine, submandibular
- glossopharyngeal: otic
- vagus: neurons in/near viscera
15
Q
oculomotor autonomic innervation
A
- ciliary ganglion
- ciliary bodies/muscle (lens accomodation)
- sphincter pupillae of iris (constriction)
16
Q
facial autonomic innervation
A
- pterygopalatine, submandibular (cry, snot, spit)
- lacrimal mucosa glands of nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses
- roof of mouth, soft palate, nasopharynx
- submandibular and sublingual glands
17
Q
glossopharyngeal autonomic innervation
A
- otic
- parotid gland
18
Q
vagus autonomic innervation
A
- neurons in/near viscera
- smooth muscle viscera up to splenic flexure
19
Q
thoracolumbar fascia
A
- psoas major, iliacus, transverse abdominus, internal/external oblique, latissimus dorsi
- anterior layer
- quadratus lumborum
- middle layer
- erector spinae
- posterior layer
27
Q
surface features of heart
A
- right auricle on right atrium
- coronary sulcus running under right atrium
- right ventricle
- left auricle on left atrium
- coronary sinus in coronary sulcus under left atrium
- left ventricle
- anterior interventricular sulcus
- cardiac apex
- pulmonary arteries (2) and veins (4) on posterior inferior to aortic arch
28
Q
right atrium internal features
A
- interatrial septum
- fossa ovalis
- valved orifice of IVC and coronary sinus (drains heart surface)
- crista terminalis (wherepectinate meets interatrial septum)
- pectinate muscle (rough)
29
Q
right ventricle internal features
A
- right AV valve/tricuspid
- chordae tendineae
- anterior papillary muscles
- 3: anterior, posterior, septal
- septomarginal trabeculae
- trabeculae carneae (rugated)
- supraventricular crest
- conus arteriosus
- pulmonary trunk
30
Q
left atrium and ventricle internal features
A
- left atrium
- valve of foramen ovale
- interatrial septum
- pectinate septum
- left ventricle
- mitral valve (left AV)
- papillary muscles
- 2: anterior, posterior
- trabeculae carneae
31
Q
remnants of fetal circulation
A
- ligamentum arteriosum: ductus arteriosus in fetal circulation
- shunts blood from pulmonary trunk to arch of aorta
- fossa ovalis: foramen ovale in fetal circulation
- blood from right to left atrium
