MUMPS

Question 1

What kind of pathogen causes mumps?

Answer 1

virus

Question 2

How is mumps spread?

Answer 2

Droplets and direct contact
-incubation period of 14-18 days from exposure for symptoms to occur, contagious 3 days before and 9 days after symptoms
-Highly infectious (contagious before symptoms)

Question 3

Are infants less than 1 year old at risk for mumps?

Answer 3

Not usually, usually have maternal antibodies that remain for a year
-after 1 yr should get vaccinated

Question 4

What is the pathogenesis of mumps?

Answer 4

-Enters respiratory system&replicates locally
-Will disseminate (spread) to salivary/extra salivary glands (swelling of glands) and can spread into CNS, pancreas, testes, ovaries

-Also common via blood transmission into kidneys where active replication can occur (glomerulonephritis inflammation)

-Second phase viremia results in replication of the virus in target organs

-Cell necrosis and inflammation

Question 5

How does a mumps infection present?

Answer 5

-Nonspecific prodrome phase: low grade fever, myalgia, headache, malaise, anorexia

-within 24 hours: ear pain (otalgia)when chewing

-within 48 hours: parotid gland pain and swelling

Other complications which can occur: orchitis (testicle inflammation on one side)/oophoritis, pancreatitis, aseptic meningitis, erythema/edema at ducts, sudden hearing loss, thyroiditis, enchephalitis, MIBILIFORM rash

Question 6

How can mumps be diagosed?

Answer 6

-Clinical diagnosis
-Swabs (nasopharyngeal)
-Blood fluid from buccal cavity
-Serum amylase
-Viruria (urine test for virus) **even if uncomplicated
-PCR of CSF **if meningitis

Question 7

How can mumps be treated?

Answer 7

-Supportive care
-Isolation for 5 days (if immunized)
-unimmunized: 26 day isolation after parotid swelling

Question 8

Is the vaccine or mumps immune globuline beneficial for someone who has been exposed to the mumps?

Answer 8

Appears to be non-beneficial