HIV

Question 1

What kind of pathogen is HIV?

Answer 1

Retrovirus
-Viral RNA will go through reverse transcriptase by an enzyme and turn into viral DNA
-Viral DNA will use an enzyme to integrate into host (human) cells

BOOO HIV :(

Question 2

What does HIV stand for?

Answer 2

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Question 3

How many HIV viruses are there? Which is most common?

Answer 3

4 human viruses: HTLV 1-2, HIV 1-2
HIV1 (M) is most prevalent

Question 4

What are the three groups of HIV1?

Answer 4

M, N, O
HIV1 (M) is most prevalent

Question 5

How is HIV transmitted?

Answer 5

-Sexual contact
-IV drug use
-Blood exposure

Question 6

What is the pathogenesis of HIV?

Answer 6

-Reverse transcriptase enzyme: Turns viral RNA into Viral DNA (which can incorporate itself into host DNA)

-Will infect CD4 Immune cells (WBC/Immune cells) including: T-cells, macrophages, monophages, dendritic cells, GALT AND MALT

GALT: Gut associated lymphoid tissue
MALT: Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Question 7

How would an HIV infection present?

Answer 7

Acute retroviral syndrome (presents 3 weeks after exposure): Febrile (fever) illness, mono-like illness that is NOT mono

Delayed presentation: Disease may be latent (resides in body without showing symptoms) and can cause many opportunistic infections (infections that will occur due to the suppression of the immune system by the latent HIV)

Question 8

How can an HIV infection be diagnosed?

Answer 8

-Serology (blood): HIV1 antibody (ELISA test- tests for HIV antibodies), confirm with Western Blot test for HIV antibodies

-ONLY IF ANTIBODY NEGATIVE AFTER EXPOSURE: NEED HIV RNA TO DETECT (PCR)

Question 9

How can an HIV infection be treated?

Answer 9

TREAT EARLY

-Combo Pills (never a single regimen)
(Expensive!)
(adverse reactions are common)

***ALWAYS CHECK FOR DUG INTERACTIONS